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  plants 
  ; 
  and 
  P. 
  solani 
  on 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  nightshade, 
  wild 
  sunflower 
  and 
  

   tomatoes. 
  Tortrix 
  citrana 
  is 
  also 
  common 
  in 
  Upland 
  on 
  orange 
  trees. 
  

  

  Vassiliev 
  (E. 
  M.). 
  Asa 
  HOBbixij 
  fijia 
  Poccin 
  Bpeflwiejifl 
  caxapwoii 
  

   CBeKJ10BM^bl 
  M3"b 
  TypKGCTaHa. 
  [Two 
  insect-pests 
  of 
  sugar-beet 
  

   from 
  Turkestan, 
  new 
  to 
  Russia.] 
  — 
  « 
  B"bCTHl1K"b 
  CaxapHOM 
  flpo- 
  

   MblUJneHHOCTM.» 
  [Herald 
  of 
  the 
  Sugar-Industry'], 
  Kiev, 
  no. 
  3, 
  

   1st 
  Feb. 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  68-75. 
  

  

  Before 
  the 
  establishment 
  of 
  the 
  Entomological 
  Station 
  of 
  Turkestan 
  

   in 
  Tashl^ent 
  in 
  1911, 
  very 
  little 
  was 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  injurious 
  to 
  

   sugar-beets 
  in 
  that 
  country. 
  In 
  an 
  article 
  b}^ 
  the 
  author 
  published 
  in 
  

   1906 
  he 
  recorded 
  some 
  of 
  these, 
  namely, 
  Staiironotus 
  maroccaniis, 
  Thb., 
  

   Chloridea 
  obsoleta, 
  F., 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  an 
  unknown 
  species 
  of 
  

   Elateridae. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  report 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  station, 
  published 
  in 
  

   1912, 
  two 
  new 
  pests 
  of 
  sugar-beets 
  are 
  mentioned 
  : 
  Laphygma 
  exigua, 
  

   Hb., 
  and 
  Phlyctaenodes 
  nudalis, 
  Hb. 
  According 
  to 
  the 
  author, 
  the 
  

   latter 
  insect 
  is 
  quite 
  a 
  new 
  pest 
  of 
  sugar-beet, 
  as 
  up 
  till 
  now 
  only 
  two 
  

   species 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Phlyctaenodes 
  were 
  reported 
  as 
  injurious 
  to 
  this 
  

   plant, 
  P. 
  sticticalis, 
  L., 
  and 
  P. 
  similalis, 
  Guen. 
  The 
  information 
  given 
  

   in 
  the 
  report 
  as 
  to 
  P. 
  nudalis 
  is 
  very 
  scanty, 
  only 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  

   the 
  caterpillars 
  to 
  the 
  young 
  central 
  leaves 
  being 
  mentioned. 
  As 
  to 
  

   the 
  natural 
  food-plants 
  of 
  this 
  species, 
  only 
  Camphoros?na 
  annua. 
  Pall. 
  

   (Chenopodiaceae) 
  and 
  Ecliium 
  (Boraginaceae) 
  have 
  been 
  previously 
  

   recorded. 
  The 
  author 
  suggests 
  the 
  following 
  remedies 
  : 
  (1) 
  the 
  

   destruction 
  of 
  weed 
  grasses 
  ; 
  (2) 
  the 
  destruction 
  by 
  burning 
  or 
  by 
  

   naphtha 
  of 
  the 
  sprouts 
  of 
  beet 
  taken 
  out 
  while 
  digging 
  ; 
  and 
  (3) 
  the 
  

   catching 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  on 
  fermenting 
  molasses. 
  

  

  The 
  geographical 
  distribution 
  of 
  Lajphygma 
  exigua 
  is 
  very 
  great, 
  it 
  

   being 
  found 
  in 
  Europe, 
  Asia, 
  Africa 
  and 
  America. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  

   injure 
  maize 
  and 
  potatoes 
  in 
  South 
  Europe 
  ; 
  maize, 
  beet 
  and 
  cotton 
  

   seed 
  in 
  North 
  America 
  ; 
  cotton 
  seed, 
  lucerne, 
  maize 
  and 
  sugar-cane 
  

   in 
  Egypt 
  ; 
  and, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  all 
  these 
  plants, 
  also 
  cabbage, 
  Hibiscus, 
  

   Corchorus, 
  Carthamus, 
  Amaranthus, 
  lentils, 
  etc., 
  and 
  especially 
  

   Indigofera 
  tinctoria 
  in 
  India, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  most 
  injurious. 
  In 
  

   Russian 
  Turkestan 
  injury 
  by 
  this 
  pest 
  was 
  noticed 
  from 
  the 
  beginning 
  

   of 
  June 
  1911 
  ; 
  in 
  one 
  locality 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Tashkent 
  they 
  devoured 
  

   in 
  1911 
  about 
  540 
  acres 
  of 
  beet-root, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  damaging 
  various 
  

   other 
  crops. 
  In 
  Turkestan 
  the 
  insect 
  winters 
  in 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage, 
  

   whereas 
  in 
  North 
  America 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  moths 
  that 
  hibernate. 
  The 
  number 
  

   of 
  generations 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  is 
  two 
  in 
  America, 
  three 
  in 
  Southern 
  

   California 
  and 
  two 
  (May- 
  June 
  and 
  September) 
  in 
  Europe 
  ; 
  the 
  number 
  

   of 
  generations 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  is 
  unknown. 
  As 
  enemies, 
  Tachinids 
  are 
  

   mentioned, 
  which 
  are 
  responsible 
  for 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  about 
  50 
  

   per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  in 
  India, 
  also 
  a 
  Sphegid 
  wasp 
  {Ammophila 
  

   sp.) 
  some 
  predaceous 
  beetles, 
  bugs 
  {Canthaconafurcellata 
  in 
  India) 
  and 
  

   birds. 
  Nothing 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  its 
  enemies 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  or 
  Astrachan. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  remedies 
  are 
  suggested. 
  Against 
  the 
  imago, 
  trapping 
  

   with 
  fermenting 
  molasses 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  important 
  to 
  set 
  the 
  traps 
  before 
  

   oviposition 
  has 
  taken 
  place. 
  In 
  India, 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  collected 
  by 
  hand, 
  

   and 
  lucerne 
  is 
  grown 
  as 
  a 
  bait 
  plant, 
  being 
  cut 
  and 
  destroyed 
  at 
  the 
  

   proper 
  time. 
  The 
  author 
  suggests 
  also 
  the 
  removal 
  from 
  the 
  plantations 
  

   and 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  weeds 
  and 
  all 
  plants 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  hoed 
  up. 
  

  

  