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  ting 
  molasses 
  and 
  using 
  insecticides 
  (Schvveinfurt 
  green) 
  against 
  the 
  

   caterpillars 
  ; 
  and 
  (3) 
  protective 
  remedies 
  — 
  trenches 
  with 
  straight 
  

   walls 
  and 
  about 
  7 
  inches 
  deep 
  round 
  the 
  unattacked 
  crops. 
  To 
  these 
  he 
  

   adds 
  another 
  preventive 
  remedy 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  investigated 
  by 
  him 
  

   in 
  1913 
  and 
  gave 
  better 
  results 
  than 
  bare 
  fallow 
  ; 
  this 
  he 
  calls 
  " 
  occu- 
  

   pied 
  fallow 
  " 
  (a 
  note 
  announces 
  that 
  a 
  special 
  pamphlet 
  will 
  be 
  pub- 
  

   lished 
  on 
  the 
  subject). 
  These 
  remedies 
  are 
  applied 
  in 
  Russia 
  only 
  

   on 
  large 
  estates 
  and 
  chiefly 
  in 
  the 
  south-western 
  governments 
  ; 
  in 
  

   all 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  Russia 
  they 
  are 
  seldom 
  used, 
  owing 
  to 
  lack 
  of 
  means 
  

   and 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  practicable 
  to 
  leave 
  land 
  fallow 
  under 
  

   the 
  existing 
  conditions 
  of 
  agriculture. 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  satisfied 
  

   himself 
  that 
  these 
  insects 
  can 
  be 
  successfully 
  controlled 
  by 
  the 
  simple 
  

   method 
  of 
  collecting 
  the 
  moths 
  by 
  hand. 
  He 
  observed 
  that 
  during 
  

   the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  moths 
  of 
  E. 
  segetum 
  and 
  F. 
  exdamationis 
  were 
  on 
  

   the 
  wing, 
  and 
  especially 
  during 
  their 
  maximum 
  period 
  between 
  the 
  

   10th 
  and 
  21st 
  July, 
  they 
  congregated 
  every 
  evening 
  between 
  9.30 
  and 
  

   10.30 
  p.m. 
  on 
  rye 
  plants, 
  being 
  almost 
  entirely 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  edges 
  

   of 
  the 
  fields 
  and 
  principally 
  where 
  these 
  adjoined 
  fallows-land 
  ; 
  the 
  

   strip 
  of 
  the 
  rye 
  upon 
  which 
  the 
  moths 
  occurred 
  was 
  not 
  broader 
  than 
  

   3J 
  feet. 
  The 
  females 
  appear 
  first 
  and 
  sit 
  motionless, 
  while 
  the 
  males 
  

   arrive 
  somewhat 
  later 
  and 
  are 
  more 
  active 
  ; 
  the 
  females 
  could 
  be 
  

   examined 
  by 
  the 
  light 
  of 
  an 
  acetylene 
  lantern 
  and 
  even 
  touched 
  with 
  

   the 
  hands 
  without 
  any 
  resistance 
  on 
  their 
  part. 
  Seeing 
  that 
  each 
  

   female 
  may 
  lay 
  up 
  to 
  1500 
  eggs, 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  the 
  moths 
  may 
  have 
  

   important 
  practical 
  results. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  concludes 
  by 
  mentioning 
  some 
  other 
  pests 
  which 
  can 
  

   also 
  be 
  easily 
  collected 
  by 
  hand 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  : 
  — 
  Baraihra 
  

   (Mamestra) 
  hrassicae, 
  Acronyta 
  psi, 
  A. 
  rumicis, 
  Trachea 
  (Hadena) 
  

   basilinea, 
  Euxoa 
  corticea, 
  E. 
  nigricans, 
  Plusia 
  gamma 
  and 
  others. 
  

  

  DOBKODEEV 
  (A. 
  I). 
  flblMl. 
  B006llJie 
  M 
  TafiaMHblM 
  flblM-b 
  Bl» 
  HaCTHOCTM, 
  

   KaK-b 
  cpeflCTBO 
  6opb6bI 
  C"b 
  flOnOHHOM 
  MGAflHWUeM. 
  [Smoke 
  generally 
  

   and 
  Tobacco-Smoke 
  in 
  particular 
  as 
  a 
  lewLedy 
  against 
  Psylla 
  mali.] 
  

   — 
  «Tpyflbi 
  Bropo 
  no 
  SHTOMOJioriw 
  YMeHaro 
  KoMMTeia 
  fjiae. 
  Ynpae. 
  

  

  3. 
  11 
  3.» 
  [Memoirs 
  of 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  of 
  the 
  Scientific 
  

   Committee 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  Board 
  of 
  Land 
  Administration 
  and 
  Agri- 
  

   culture,'] 
  St. 
  Petefrsburg, 
  x, 
  no. 
  9, 
  1914, 
  20 
  pp. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  gives 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  his 
  experiments 
  on 
  the 
  fighting 
  of 
  

   Psylla 
  mali 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  tobacco-smoke 
  and 
  smoke 
  from 
  burning 
  

   straw, 
  which 
  were 
  conducted 
  in 
  an 
  orchard 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  

   Penza. 
  He 
  starts 
  with 
  a 
  general 
  review 
  of 
  the 
  life-history 
  of 
  the 
  pest 
  

   and 
  of 
  the 
  remedies 
  usually 
  employed. 
  Portchinsky 
  and 
  Gaike 
  have 
  

   both 
  simultaneously 
  recorded 
  the 
  favourable 
  results 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  

   obtained 
  by 
  using 
  tobacco 
  smoke, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  has 
  himself 
  shown 
  

   this 
  remedy 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  successful, 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  field 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  laboratory, 
  

   but 
  the 
  following 
  conditions 
  must 
  be 
  adhered 
  to. 
  The 
  fumigating 
  

   must 
  be 
  done 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  pests 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  wing, 
  but 
  before 
  

   they 
  have 
  oviposited 
  ; 
  the 
  smoke 
  must 
  closely 
  fill 
  the 
  whole 
  tree 
  for 
  

   at 
  least 
  for 
  one 
  hour 
  ; 
  the 
  fumigating 
  must 
  be 
  started 
  along 
  the 
  borders 
  

   of 
  the 
  orchard, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  escape 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  ; 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  

   done 
  in 
  calm 
  weather, 
  after 
  rain, 
  as 
  dry 
  air 
  allows 
  the 
  smoke 
  to 
  rise 
  

   rapidly 
  without 
  affecting 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  ; 
  care 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  

  

  