﻿259 
  

  

  that 
  there 
  should 
  be 
  no 
  branches 
  hanging 
  directly 
  over 
  the 
  burning 
  

   heaps. 
  Straw 
  smoke 
  proved 
  less 
  effective 
  and 
  can 
  be 
  recommended 
  

   only 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  driving 
  away 
  the 
  pests 
  ; 
  this 
  may 
  be 
  useful 
  only 
  

   in 
  cases 
  where 
  there 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  particular 
  orchard 
  

   some 
  other 
  trees 
  (apple 
  or 
  Sorbus) 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  insects 
  can 
  oviposit, 
  

   otherwise 
  they 
  may 
  merely 
  return 
  after 
  the 
  fumigation 
  is 
  over. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  deals 
  also 
  with 
  tobacco 
  smoke 
  as 
  a 
  remedy 
  against 
  Psylla 
  

   pijii 
  and 
  Aphids, 
  and 
  refers 
  to 
  statements 
  of 
  Professor 
  Glasenapp, 
  F. 
  V. 
  

   Theobald 
  and 
  others. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  this 
  remedy 
  in 
  Russia 
  may 
  be 
  affected 
  

   by 
  the 
  price 
  of 
  tobacco 
  dust, 
  which 
  varies 
  in 
  dift'erent 
  governments, 
  

   depending 
  on 
  freight 
  rates 
  and 
  other 
  conditions. 
  He 
  quotes 
  a 
  few 
  

   examples 
  of 
  prices, 
  and 
  it 
  appears 
  that 
  while, 
  for 
  instance, 
  the 
  price 
  

   of 
  tobacco 
  dust 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Saratov 
  is 
  about 
  7Jd. 
  per 
  36 
  lb., 
  

   in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Kaluga 
  it 
  is 
  about 
  Is. 
  3d. 
  for 
  the 
  same 
  amount, 
  

   and 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Penza 
  about 
  lOd. 
  Should 
  the 
  price, 
  and 
  

   especially 
  the 
  railway 
  freight, 
  be 
  reduced, 
  it 
  may 
  take 
  a 
  prominent 
  

   part 
  as 
  an 
  insecticide 
  in 
  Russia. 
  

  

  Yassiliev 
  (I. 
  V.) 
  KpaiKifl 
  CBtfltHin 
  o 
  xjit6H0M-b 
  wynt 
  m 
  cnoco6bi 
  

  

  6opb6bl 
  C"b 
  HMMl). 
  [Short 
  notes 
  on 
  Anisoplia 
  austriaca, 
  Herbst, 
  

   and 
  methods 
  of 
  fighting 
  it.]— 
  «TpyAbl 
  Bwpo 
  no 
  SHTOMOnorJM 
  

  

  yneHaro 
  KoMMTeia 
  fjiae. 
  Ynpae. 
  3. 
  m 
  3.» 
  [Me7noirs 
  of 
  the 
  

   Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  of 
  the 
  Scientific 
  Committee 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  

   Board 
  of 
  Land 
  Administration 
  and 
  Agriculture,^ 
  St. 
  Petersburg, 
  vii, 
  

   no. 
  2. 
  Second, 
  enlarged 
  edition, 
  1914, 
  36 
  pp., 
  20 
  figs., 
  2 
  col. 
  plates. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  beo^ins 
  bv 
  describinsr 
  all 
  the 
  stages 
  of 
  A. 
  austriaca, 
  which 
  

   is 
  the 
  most 
  injurious 
  representative 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Anisoplia. 
  This 
  

   insect 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  '' 
  tcher- 
  

   nosiom 
  " 
  district 
  of 
  Russia 
  and 
  a 
  list 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  governments 
  in 
  

   which 
  it 
  is 
  known. 
  Outside 
  Russia 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  Austria-Hungary, 
  in 
  

   the 
  Balkan 
  peninsula, 
  in 
  Syria 
  and 
  in 
  Asia 
  Minor. 
  Upon 
  the 
  emergence 
  

   of 
  the 
  beetles 
  in 
  spring 
  their 
  food 
  consists 
  at 
  first 
  of 
  various 
  grasses, 
  

   such 
  as 
  Triticum 
  repens 
  and 
  Phleum 
  pratense, 
  from 
  which 
  they 
  pass 
  

   on 
  to 
  rye, 
  and 
  after 
  this 
  has 
  been 
  harvested, 
  to 
  winter 
  wheat 
  and 
  barley 
  

   and 
  lastly 
  to 
  summer 
  wheat, 
  on 
  which 
  they 
  remain 
  till 
  their 
  disap- 
  

   pearance 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  August. 
  For 
  oviposition 
  the 
  insects 
  

   select 
  soft 
  soil, 
  and 
  usually 
  keep 
  round 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  the 
  field, 
  while 
  

   the 
  central 
  part 
  is 
  sometimes 
  not 
  affected 
  at 
  all. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  eggs 
  

   laid 
  by 
  a 
  female 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  average 
  30-40, 
  although 
  Jaroshevsky 
  reports 
  

   that 
  under 
  favourable 
  conditions 
  a 
  female 
  may 
  lay 
  up 
  to 
  48 
  eggs, 
  

   which 
  figure 
  is, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  author's 
  observations, 
  sometimes 
  

   increased 
  to 
  58. 
  The 
  larvae 
  live 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  for 
  about 
  22 
  months, 
  

   and 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  lasts 
  about 
  three 
  weeks. 
  The 
  beetle 
  itself 
  attacks 
  

   chiefly 
  rye, 
  wheat 
  and 
  barley 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  grain 
  is 
  still 
  soft, 
  

   gnawing 
  the 
  seeds 
  and 
  sometimes 
  devouring 
  them 
  entirely. 
  Moreover, 
  

   it 
  causes 
  much 
  loss 
  by 
  creeping 
  over 
  the 
  ears 
  and 
  shaking 
  out 
  the 
  

   mature 
  grain. 
  

  

  The 
  whole 
  cycle 
  of 
  development 
  of 
  A. 
  austriaca 
  requires 
  two 
  years, 
  

   the 
  imago 
  appearing 
  in 
  large 
  numbers 
  in 
  alternate 
  years 
  ; 
  so 
  that 
  

   outbreaks, 
  which 
  are 
  due 
  to 
  some 
  specially 
  favourable 
  conditions, 
  

   recur 
  after 
  an 
  even 
  number 
  of 
  years. 
  

  

  