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  There 
  are 
  three 
  species 
  of 
  parasitic 
  wasps 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  Scoliidae 
  

   which 
  attack 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  this 
  beetle 
  : 
  — 
  Tiphia 
  femorata, 
  F., 
  T. 
  morio, 
  

   ¥., 
  and 
  Scolia 
  quadri 
  punctata, 
  F. 
  

  

  Tiphia 
  feniorata, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  various 
  stages 
  are 
  described, 
  attacks 
  

   exclusively 
  the 
  large 
  one-year-old 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  Anisoplia, 
  in 
  search 
  

   of 
  which 
  it 
  penetrates 
  into 
  the 
  soil. 
  The 
  parasite 
  paralyses 
  the 
  larva 
  

   with 
  its 
  sting, 
  and 
  then 
  deposits 
  its 
  egg 
  on 
  the 
  ventral 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  

   central 
  segments 
  of 
  the 
  body. 
  This 
  egg 
  produces 
  a 
  larva 
  in 
  about 
  a 
  

   week, 
  which 
  feeds 
  on 
  its 
  host 
  externally. 
  The 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  

   parasitic 
  larva 
  is 
  concluded 
  in 
  about 
  lJ-2 
  weeks, 
  when 
  it 
  enters 
  the 
  

   hollow 
  skin 
  of 
  its 
  victim 
  and 
  pupates 
  there, 
  passing 
  the 
  winter 
  in 
  this 
  

   stage. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  larvae 
  infected 
  by 
  this 
  parasite 
  is 
  not 
  great, 
  

   about 
  6-12 
  per 
  cent, 
  according 
  to 
  some 
  investigations 
  by 
  Portchinsky 
  

   in 
  1879 
  ; 
  in 
  1905, 
  the 
  author 
  found 
  14 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  affected 
  

   in 
  some 
  spots, 
  but 
  the 
  figure 
  never 
  exceeded 
  20 
  per 
  cent. 
  The 
  same 
  

   insect 
  parasitises 
  also 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Afnphimalus 
  solstitialis, 
  PolyphyUa 
  

   fullo, 
  Epicometis 
  hirtella 
  and 
  insects 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Aphodius. 
  The 
  

   habits 
  of 
  Tiphia 
  morio, 
  which 
  parasitises 
  A. 
  austriaca 
  and 
  Amp)hi- 
  

   mallus 
  solstitialis, 
  are 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  T. 
  femorata. 
  According 
  to 
  

   Wiedhalm 
  T. 
  morio 
  produces 
  two 
  generations 
  during 
  one 
  summer, 
  

   while 
  Rossikov 
  is 
  of 
  opinion 
  that 
  the 
  same 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  case 
  also 
  with 
  

   T. 
  femorata. 
  

  

  Scolia 
  quadripunctata 
  has 
  been 
  recorded 
  by 
  Portchinsky 
  as 
  a 
  parasite 
  

   of 
  A. 
  austriaca, 
  and 
  also 
  parasitises 
  Oxythyrea 
  stictica, 
  but 
  its 
  biology 
  

   has 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  investigated. 
  Apart 
  from 
  the 
  above 
  parasites, 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  of 
  A. 
  austriaca 
  are 
  also 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Microphthalma 
  

   disjuncta, 
  Wied., 
  a 
  Tachinid 
  fly 
  of 
  the 
  subfamil}^ 
  Dexinae, 
  which 
  

   destroy 
  chiefly 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Melolontha 
  hippocastani, 
  Amphimalus 
  

   solstitialis 
  and 
  PolyphyUa 
  fullo. 
  A 
  description 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  

   stages 
  of 
  this 
  fly, 
  which 
  has 
  two 
  generations 
  in 
  South 
  Russia, 
  the 
  

   second 
  one 
  hibernating 
  in 
  its 
  larval 
  stage 
  inside 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  host. 
  

   According 
  to 
  Krassiltchik 
  this 
  parasite 
  develops 
  very 
  rapidly 
  and 
  

   devours 
  the 
  host 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  days. 
  

  

  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  A. 
  austriaca 
  are 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  a 
  nematode 
  

   worm, 
  Leptodera 
  dentata, 
  and 
  also 
  become 
  infected 
  with 
  flacherie 
  and 
  

   a 
  fungus 
  disease 
  due 
  to 
  Entomophthora 
  anisopliae. 
  In 
  1902, 
  near 
  

   Kishinev, 
  this 
  disease 
  caused 
  the 
  death 
  of 
  60-70 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   of 
  A. 
  austriaca. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  proceeds 
  to 
  deal 
  with 
  control 
  measures 
  against 
  Anisoplia, 
  

   describing 
  first 
  the 
  digging 
  operations 
  which 
  must 
  be 
  conducted 
  in 
  

   order 
  to 
  estimate 
  the 
  intensity 
  of 
  infestation. 
  These 
  must 
  be 
  carried 
  

   out 
  during 
  the 
  second 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  summer, 
  after 
  the 
  harvest, 
  till 
  late 
  

   in 
  autumn, 
  when 
  the 
  frosts 
  begin. 
  The 
  digging 
  ought 
  to 
  be 
  done 
  in 
  

   plots 
  which 
  were 
  occupied 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  by 
  grain 
  crops, 
  especially 
  

   by 
  wheat 
  and 
  rye 
  ; 
  also 
  in 
  fields 
  left 
  fallow 
  during 
  the 
  previous 
  season, 
  

   which 
  have 
  been 
  ploughed 
  up 
  for 
  crops 
  other 
  than 
  grain 
  ; 
  and 
  neigh- 
  

   bouring 
  meadows 
  and 
  other 
  soft 
  soil 
  should 
  also 
  be 
  investigated. 
  The 
  

   operations 
  can 
  be 
  limited 
  to 
  a 
  strip 
  of 
  some 
  25-35 
  yards 
  round 
  the 
  

   fields, 
  the 
  procedure 
  being 
  to 
  dig 
  holes 
  of 
  a 
  standard 
  size 
  in 
  various 
  

   spots 
  and 
  then 
  to 
  estimate 
  the 
  total 
  number 
  of 
  larvae 
  in 
  the 
  contained 
  

   soil, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  those 
  that 
  are 
  diseased, 
  or 
  suffering 
  

   from 
  parasites, 
  etc. 
  The 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  these 
  investigations 
  

   ought 
  to 
  be 
  checked 
  by 
  renewed 
  investigations 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  spring, 
  

  

  