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  application 
  of 
  tanglefoot 
  belts 
  were 
  immediately 
  initiated 
  ; 
  belts 
  

   were 
  put 
  on 
  7,000 
  trees 
  in 
  one 
  district 
  and 
  on 
  3,500 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  other. 
  

   Before 
  the 
  blossoming 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  spraying 
  was 
  proceeded 
  with 
  and 
  

   a 
  total 
  of 
  24,300 
  acres 
  in 
  both 
  localities 
  was 
  sprayed 
  with 
  Paris 
  green. 
  

   After 
  the 
  21st 
  May 
  the 
  first 
  pupae 
  appeared, 
  which 
  gave 
  a 
  new 
  genera- 
  

   tion 
  from 
  the 
  2nd 
  June, 
  but 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  butterflies 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  

   was 
  not 
  great. 
  The 
  first 
  eggs 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  17th 
  June, 
  the 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  emerged 
  after 
  the 
  6th 
  July, 
  while 
  after 
  the 
  25th 
  August 
  the 
  first 
  

   winter 
  nests 
  were 
  noticed. 
  The 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  campaign 
  are 
  considered 
  

   satisfactory 
  and 
  only 
  those 
  orchards 
  suffered 
  great 
  damage 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   prietors 
  of 
  which 
  applied 
  no 
  remedies, 
  these 
  being 
  stripped 
  quite 
  bare 
  

   of 
  leaves. 
  In 
  all 
  the 
  other 
  orchards 
  the 
  harvest 
  was 
  small, 
  and 
  some- 
  

   times 
  bad, 
  but 
  the 
  trees 
  produced 
  leaves. 
  

  

  Psylla 
  7nali, 
  Forst. 
  The 
  hatching 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  started 
  on 
  the 
  

   19th 
  April 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  23rd 
  they 
  were 
  already 
  inside 
  the 
  buds, 
  which 
  

   later 
  on 
  were 
  entirely 
  covered 
  with 
  the 
  pests. 
  The 
  imagos 
  appeared 
  

   on 
  the 
  23rd 
  May, 
  and 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  eggs 
  could 
  be 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  

   of 
  August. 
  The 
  usual 
  remedy 
  of 
  spraying 
  with 
  quassia 
  and 
  green 
  

   soap 
  was 
  applied, 
  but 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  large 
  area 
  to 
  be 
  treated 
  this 
  remedy 
  

   could 
  not 
  be 
  completed 
  in 
  time, 
  i.e., 
  before 
  the 
  larvae 
  entered 
  the 
  

   buds. 
  If 
  applied 
  in 
  time 
  it 
  gave 
  excellent 
  results. 
  The 
  spraying 
  

   with 
  insecticides 
  in 
  old 
  orchards 
  was 
  rendered 
  ineffective 
  owing 
  to 
  

   the 
  close 
  planting 
  of 
  the 
  trees, 
  coupled 
  with 
  their 
  thick 
  crowns. 
  Fumi- 
  

   gating 
  mth 
  tobacco 
  was 
  also 
  applied 
  during 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  insects 
  

   were 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  — 
  for 
  two 
  to 
  three 
  months 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  — 
  

   which 
  always 
  gave 
  excellent 
  results. 
  The 
  only 
  drawback 
  to 
  this 
  

   remedy 
  is 
  that 
  it 
  destroys 
  the 
  pests 
  after 
  they 
  have 
  already 
  caused 
  

   much 
  damage 
  in 
  their 
  larval 
  stage, 
  but 
  it 
  frees 
  the 
  orchards 
  from 
  

   them 
  for 
  the 
  next 
  year. 
  

  

  Aphis 
  pomi, 
  de 
  G., 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  young 
  orchards 
  (5-8 
  years 
  old) 
  

   and 
  in 
  nurseries. 
  Spraying 
  with 
  quassia 
  was 
  very 
  effective. 
  The 
  

   hatching 
  of 
  the 
  lice 
  started 
  on 
  the 
  21st 
  April 
  ; 
  the 
  first 
  nymphs 
  were 
  

   noticed 
  about 
  a 
  fortnight 
  afterwards 
  ; 
  the 
  first 
  winged 
  specimens 
  

   appeared 
  on 
  the 
  17th 
  May 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  September 
  plenty 
  of 
  

   eggs 
  were 
  found. 
  Aphis 
  sorbi 
  Kalt. 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  both 
  localities. 
  

  

  Anthonomus 
  pomorumy 
  L., 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  orchards 
  everywhere 
  ; 
  

   but 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  feeble 
  blossoming 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  its 
  injurious 
  activity 
  

   was 
  not 
  great. 
  The 
  hibernating 
  weevils 
  appeared 
  after 
  the 
  11th 
  

   April 
  ; 
  larvae 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  buds 
  after 
  the 
  12th 
  May 
  they 
  pupated 
  

   from 
  the 
  26th 
  May 
  and 
  produced 
  imagines 
  from 
  the 
  17th 
  June. 
  A 
  table 
  

   showing 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  shaking 
  the 
  insects 
  from 
  the 
  trees 
  is 
  given, 
  

   from 
  which 
  it 
  appears 
  that 
  211 
  beetles 
  were 
  obtained 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  from 
  

   33 
  apple 
  trees 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  trees 
  73 
  beetles 
  were 
  collected 
  on 
  the 
  

   sticky 
  belts. 
  Spraying 
  with 
  lime 
  in 
  the 
  orchards, 
  where 
  the 
  short 
  

   spring 
  allowed 
  of 
  this 
  remedy, 
  proved 
  successful. 
  

  

  Cydia 
  pomonella, 
  L., 
  was 
  observed 
  in 
  every 
  bearing 
  orchard. 
  The 
  

   caterpillars 
  of 
  Malacosoma 
  neustria, 
  L., 
  appeared 
  only 
  in 
  small 
  numbers 
  

   and 
  no 
  special 
  remedies 
  were 
  appHed. 
  Nests 
  of 
  Hyponomeuta 
  malinel- 
  

   lus, 
  Z., 
  to 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  5 
  were 
  noticed 
  on 
  trees 
  from 
  the 
  

   first 
  half 
  of 
  June 
  to 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  July. 
  The 
  insects 
  were 
  found 
  

   everywhere, 
  but 
  not 
  in 
  great 
  numbers. 
  Euproctis 
  chrysorrhoea 
  was 
  

   seldom 
  found. 
  

  

  