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  Green 
  (E. 
  E.). 
  On 
  some 
  Coccid 
  pests 
  from 
  the 
  Seychelles.— 
  J/. 
  Econ. 
  

   Biol., 
  London, 
  ix, 
  no. 
  1, 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  47-48. 
  

  

  A 
  small 
  collection 
  of 
  insect 
  pests, 
  received 
  from 
  Mr. 
  R. 
  Dupont, 
  

   Superintendent 
  of 
  Botanic 
  Gardens, 
  Seychelles, 
  contained 
  the 
  following 
  

   species 
  of 
  Coccidae 
  : 
  — 
  Aspidiotus 
  ficus, 
  Ashm., 
  taken 
  on 
  leaves 
  of 
  

   Zamia 
  sp., 
  an 
  ornamental 
  Cycad 
  cultivated 
  in 
  tropical 
  gardens 
  ; 
  

   A. 
  bromeliae, 
  Newst., 
  on 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  Pineapple, 
  a 
  serious 
  pest, 
  pro- 
  

   bably 
  imported 
  from 
  the 
  Canary 
  Islands 
  ; 
  Coccus 
  (Lecanmm) 
  hesperi- 
  

   dum, 
  Auct., 
  and 
  Eucalymnalus 
  (L.) 
  tessellatus, 
  Sign., 
  on 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  

   Water 
  Hyacinth 
  ; 
  these 
  insects 
  may 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  beneficial, 
  since 
  

   the 
  excessive 
  growth 
  of 
  this 
  plant 
  blocks 
  the 
  waterways 
  ; 
  Saissetia 
  

   (L.) 
  hemisphaerica, 
  Targ., 
  on 
  leaves 
  of 
  Justicia 
  gendarussa, 
  an 
  

   ornamental 
  plant 
  which 
  seems 
  particularly 
  liable 
  to 
  Coccid 
  infestation. 
  

  

  PiCARD 
  (F.). 
  Les 
  champignons 
  parasites 
  des 
  insectes 
  et 
  leur 
  utilisation 
  

   agricole. 
  [Fungi 
  parasitic 
  on 
  insects, 
  and 
  their 
  utilisation 
  in 
  

   agriculture.] 
  — 
  Ann. 
  Ecole 
  Nat. 
  d'Agric, 
  Montpellier, 
  xiii, 
  no. 
  2-3, 
  

   1914, 
  pp. 
  121-248, 
  28 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  paper 
  is 
  a 
  comprehensive 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  different 
  species 
  

   of 
  fungi 
  which 
  are 
  parasitic 
  on 
  insects 
  ; 
  the 
  author 
  merely 
  refers 
  to 
  

   those 
  which 
  live 
  on 
  insects 
  either 
  symbiotically 
  or 
  which 
  only 
  cause 
  

   slight 
  harm 
  to 
  them, 
  and 
  confines 
  his 
  descriptions 
  to 
  the 
  species 
  which 
  

   are 
  really 
  detrimental 
  to 
  the 
  host, 
  and 
  which 
  may 
  possibly 
  be 
  of 
  use 
  

   in 
  agriculture 
  in 
  combating 
  insect 
  pests. 
  The 
  descriptions 
  are 
  written 
  

   more 
  from 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  zoologist 
  and 
  agriculturist 
  than 
  

   from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  mycologist. 
  The 
  species 
  of 
  fungi 
  dealt 
  with 
  are 
  

   arranged 
  according 
  to 
  their 
  systematic 
  order. 
  In 
  the 
  group 
  of 
  

   Oomycetes, 
  the 
  family 
  Entomophthoridae 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  one 
  containing 
  

   species 
  harmful 
  to 
  insects, 
  notably 
  the 
  genus 
  Empusa. 
  Of 
  the 
  

   Ascomycetes 
  the 
  following 
  groups 
  are 
  described 
  : 
  — 
  Laboulbeniaceae, 
  

   Spheriaceae, 
  Nectriaceae, 
  and 
  Perisporiaceae 
  ; 
  a 
  large 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  

   paper 
  deals 
  with 
  the 
  important 
  group 
  of 
  Hyphomycetes, 
  which 
  includes 
  

   many 
  species 
  that 
  kill 
  insects. 
  

  

  Harmful 
  parasitic 
  fungi 
  react 
  on 
  their 
  hosts 
  in 
  various 
  ways 
  ; 
  in 
  

   the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  Laboulbeniaceae, 
  the 
  fungus 
  gets 
  its 
  nourishment 
  

   from 
  the 
  tegument 
  of 
  the 
  host, 
  without 
  seriously 
  damaging 
  the 
  body 
  

   or 
  injecting 
  the 
  toxic 
  substances 
  into 
  the 
  system 
  of 
  the 
  host. 
  Others, 
  

   more 
  harmful, 
  pierce 
  the 
  chitin 
  and 
  destroy 
  the 
  layers 
  of 
  adipose 
  

   tissue 
  lying 
  below. 
  Still 
  more 
  harmful 
  are 
  those 
  whose 
  mycelium 
  

   branches 
  in 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  host, 
  filling 
  up 
  the 
  tracheae 
  and 
  causing 
  

   suffocation, 
  as 
  does 
  Fusarium 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  certain 
  Acaridae. 
  The 
  

   Entomophthoridae 
  and 
  Verticilliaceae 
  kill 
  their 
  hosts 
  by 
  sending 
  

   out 
  filaments 
  which 
  penetrate 
  all 
  the 
  tissues, 
  destroying 
  these 
  and 
  

   replacing 
  them 
  with 
  a 
  secretion, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  insect 
  becomes 
  mummified 
  ; 
  

   muscardine 
  diseases 
  work 
  in 
  this 
  way. 
  Sometimes 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  

   host 
  is 
  entirely 
  disintegrated, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  Coccids 
  parasitised 
  

   by 
  the 
  Ascomycete 
  Myriangium 
  duriei. 
  The 
  modes 
  of 
  infection 
  and 
  

   the 
  degrees 
  of 
  virulence 
  of 
  the 
  diseases 
  are 
  discussed 
  at 
  some 
  length, 
  

   and 
  a 
  comprehensive 
  bibliography 
  is 
  given. 
  

  

  A 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  paper 
  deals 
  with 
  the 
  economic 
  significance 
  of 
  fungi 
  

   as 
  killers 
  of 
  insects. 
  The 
  accounts 
  of 
  experiments 
  given 
  show 
  that 
  

  

  