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  At 
  a 
  later 
  period 
  in 
  the 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  the 
  fight 
  against 
  them 
  

   was 
  assisted 
  by 
  the 
  activity 
  of 
  parasitic 
  Tachinid 
  flies,' 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  by 
  an 
  outbreak 
  of 
  flacherie 
  ; 
  the 
  pupae 
  also 
  were 
  infected 
  by 
  some 
  

   disease. 
  All 
  this 
  led 
  to 
  a 
  diminution 
  of 
  the 
  next 
  generation, 
  which 
  

   appears 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  summer, 
  and 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  dwarfed 
  specimens 
  

   of 
  L. 
  dispar 
  were 
  found 
  at 
  that 
  time. 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  the 
  author's 
  observations, 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  mostly 
  laid 
  

   at 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  1-lJ 
  ft. 
  from 
  the 
  ground 
  and 
  only 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  cases 
  were 
  

   they 
  deposited 
  higher, 
  at 
  from 
  7 
  to 
  9 
  feet 
  ; 
  sometimes 
  they 
  were 
  found 
  

   underneath 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  soil, 
  in 
  spaces 
  between 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  

   the 
  earth. 
  His 
  observations 
  do 
  not 
  confirm 
  the 
  common 
  view 
  that 
  

   the 
  females 
  prefer 
  the 
  southern 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  ; 
  he 
  sometimes 
  found 
  

   trees 
  the 
  northern 
  side 
  of 
  which 
  had 
  more 
  eggs 
  than 
  the 
  southern 
  one, 
  

   and 
  he 
  is 
  inchned 
  to 
  think 
  that 
  the 
  females 
  are 
  influenced 
  rather 
  by 
  

   the 
  wind 
  and 
  rain, 
  which 
  drive 
  them 
  to 
  seek 
  protection 
  on 
  the 
  opposite 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  tree, 
  without 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  light 
  or 
  warmth. 
  

   As 
  to 
  the 
  kinds 
  of 
  trees 
  not 
  injured 
  by 
  the 
  caterpillars, 
  it 
  appeared 
  

   that 
  they 
  did 
  not 
  touch 
  pear 
  trees 
  in 
  orchards, 
  even 
  when 
  they 
  were 
  

   situated 
  close 
  to 
  apple 
  trees, 
  which 
  were 
  quite 
  defoliated. 
  In 
  forests 
  

   they 
  did 
  not 
  attack 
  dwarf 
  medlars, 
  although 
  eggs 
  were 
  sometimes 
  

   found 
  on 
  these 
  trees 
  ; 
  ash 
  trees 
  suffered 
  little, 
  while 
  the 
  greatest 
  

   damage 
  was 
  caused 
  to 
  oaks 
  ; 
  all 
  other 
  trees 
  were 
  also 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   injured. 
  All 
  the 
  searching 
  for 
  parasites 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  L. 
  dispar 
  

   proved 
  of 
  no 
  avail 
  and 
  none 
  were 
  reared 
  from 
  the 
  immense 
  number 
  

   of 
  eggs 
  kept 
  for 
  the 
  purpose, 
  except 
  for 
  a 
  single 
  egg-mass 
  which 
  con- 
  

   tained 
  some 
  20 
  specimens 
  of 
  Hadrotus 
  howardi, 
  Mokrz. 
  In 
  conclusion 
  

   the 
  author 
  states 
  that 
  in 
  Russia 
  L. 
  dispar 
  appears 
  in 
  great 
  numbers 
  

   only 
  during 
  a 
  short 
  period 
  of 
  successive 
  years 
  — 
  rarely 
  more 
  than 
  three 
  — 
  

   after 
  which 
  its 
  numbers 
  diminish 
  to 
  quite 
  negligible 
  quantities, 
  chiefly 
  

   owing 
  to 
  various 
  parasites 
  and 
  diseases, 
  and 
  the 
  unfavourable 
  climatic 
  

   conditions. 
  

  

  GowDEY 
  (C. 
  C). 
  The 
  Yellow-headed 
  Coffee 
  Borer 
  {Dirphya 
  (Nifocris) 
  

   princeps, 
  Jord.) 
  — 
  Bull. 
  Entom, 
  Research, 
  London, 
  iv. 
  pt. 
  4. 
  Feb. 
  

   f 
  1914. 
  pp. 
  279-281. 
  

  

  This 
  Longicorn 
  beetle 
  is 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  Coffea 
  robusta 
  and 
  C. 
  arabica 
  in 
  

   Uganda 
  ; 
  it 
  was 
  recorded 
  as 
  such 
  on 
  C. 
  robusta 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  in 
  

   1910. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  estates 
  have 
  suffered 
  serious 
  damage, 
  especially 
  

   the 
  older 
  ones 
  which 
  are 
  badly 
  affected 
  by 
  the 
  coffee 
  leaf-disease, 
  

   Hemeleia 
  vastatrix 
  ; 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  exception, 
  outbreaks 
  of 
  the 
  pest 
  

   have 
  been 
  traced 
  to 
  plots 
  where 
  the 
  leaf-disease 
  was 
  already 
  prevalent 
  

   and 
  where 
  the 
  trees 
  were 
  consequently 
  least 
  vigorous. 
  

  

  Regarding 
  its 
  life-history 
  the 
  author 
  has 
  made 
  the 
  following 
  obser- 
  

   vations. 
  The 
  female 
  beetle 
  loosens 
  a 
  bit 
  of 
  bark 
  on 
  a 
  branch, 
  from 
  

   4-6 
  inches 
  from 
  the 
  tip, 
  and 
  lays 
  its 
  eggs 
  singly 
  under 
  the 
  bark. 
  The 
  

   young 
  larva 
  bores 
  into 
  the 
  main 
  stem 
  and 
  downwards 
  into 
  the 
  cam- 
  

   bium 
  ; 
  the 
  tunnels 
  continue 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  and 
  often 
  

   extend 
  into 
  the 
  main 
  root, 
  being 
  sometimes 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  4 
  feet 
  in 
  length 
  ; 
  

   at 
  distances 
  varying 
  from 
  2-5 
  inches 
  horizontal 
  tunnels 
  are 
  bored 
  

   leading 
  to 
  the 
  exterior, 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  getting 
  rid 
  of 
  the 
  frass. 
  

   Pupation 
  takes 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  stem. 
  The 
  beetle 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  observed 
  

   to 
  feed 
  either 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  bark. 
  The 
  life-cycle 
  appears 
  

  

  C30 
  A 
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