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  to 
  be 
  a 
  long 
  one, 
  extending 
  over 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  years, 
  and 
  larvae 
  of 
  

   various 
  sizes 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  throughout 
  the 
  year 
  ; 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  

   lasts 
  from 
  seven 
  to 
  nine 
  weeks, 
  usually 
  from 
  November 
  to 
  December. 
  

   The 
  trees 
  attacked 
  may 
  be 
  located 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  the 
  frass 
  at 
  the 
  base. 
  

   If 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  grub 
  is 
  detected 
  in 
  the 
  branch 
  before 
  it 
  has 
  

   reached 
  the 
  stem, 
  the 
  branch 
  may 
  be 
  cut 
  off 
  and 
  burned. 
  If 
  the 
  

   grub 
  has 
  already 
  reached 
  the 
  stem, 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  treatment 
  adopted 
  

   by 
  the 
  author 
  is 
  to 
  seal 
  up 
  the 
  horizontal 
  exits 
  and 
  to 
  drop 
  a 
  few 
  

   drops 
  of 
  carbon 
  bisulphide 
  or 
  carbon 
  tetrachloride 
  into 
  the 
  tunnel, 
  

   which 
  may 
  be 
  exposed 
  by 
  cutting 
  off 
  the 
  branch 
  through 
  which 
  the 
  

   insect 
  entered 
  the 
  stem 
  as 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  stem 
  as 
  possible. 
  When 
  the 
  

   operation 
  is 
  finished 
  the 
  dust, 
  etc., 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  should 
  be 
  

   brushed 
  away, 
  for 
  if 
  none 
  is 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  next 
  visit 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  concluded 
  

   that 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  dead. 
  Neither 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  liquids 
  has 
  a 
  harmful 
  

   effect 
  on 
  the 
  trees. 
  Using 
  paraffin 
  oil 
  instead 
  of 
  these 
  liquids 
  or 
  

   spearing 
  the 
  insect 
  with 
  a 
  wire, 
  as 
  is 
  done 
  in 
  German 
  East 
  Africa 
  for 
  

   D. 
  usambica, 
  are 
  less 
  satisfactory 
  methods. 
  Trees 
  infested 
  by 
  D. 
  prin- 
  

   ceps, 
  if 
  untreated, 
  are 
  either 
  killed 
  outright, 
  or 
  broken 
  off 
  by 
  the 
  wind 
  

   on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  extensive 
  tunnelUng. 
  Trees 
  younger 
  than 
  two 
  years 
  

   do 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  attacked. 
  

  

  Newstead 
  (E.). 
  Notes 
  on 
  Scale-Insects 
  (Coccidae), 
  Part 
  II. 
  — 
  BuM. 
  

   Entom. 
  Research, 
  London, 
  iv. 
  pt. 
  4. 
  Feb. 
  1914. 
  pp. 
  301-311. 
  7 
  figs. 
  

  

  Thirty-seven 
  species 
  of 
  Coccids 
  are 
  dealt 
  with 
  from 
  the 
  following 
  

   countries 
  : 
  The 
  Dutch 
  West 
  Indies, 
  Barbados, 
  British 
  Guiana, 
  

   Zanzibar, 
  Uganda, 
  Nyasaland, 
  and 
  Nigeria. 
  Five 
  species 
  are 
  described 
  

   as 
  new, 
  namely 
  I 
  eery 
  a 
  maxima, 
  on 
  Ficus 
  sp., 
  from 
  the 
  Gold 
  Coast 
  ; 
  

   Aspidoproctus 
  giganteus, 
  on 
  the 
  Silk 
  Cotton 
  tree 
  (Ceiba 
  bombax), 
  from 
  

   S. 
  Nigeria 
  ; 
  Aspidiotus 
  (Pseudaonidia) 
  baiJceae, 
  on 
  Baikea 
  insignis, 
  

   from 
  Uganda 
  ; 
  A. 
  (P.) 
  fossor, 
  on 
  grape-vine, 
  from 
  Barbados 
  ; 
  Chion- 
  

   aspis 
  funtumiae 
  on 
  Funtumia 
  latifoUa, 
  from 
  Uganda, 
  

  

  Theobald 
  (F. 
  V.). 
  African 
  Aphididae. 
  — 
  Bull 
  Entom. 
  Resea/rch. 
  

   London, 
  iv. 
  pt. 
  4. 
  Feb. 
  1914. 
  pp. 
  313-337. 
  17 
  figs. 
  

  

  A 
  complete 
  list 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  Aphididae 
  recorded 
  from 
  

   Africa. 
  Several 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  mentioned 
  are 
  common 
  also 
  in 
  Europe, 
  

   such 
  as 
  the 
  Common 
  Cabbage 
  Aphis 
  (A. 
  brassicae) 
  and 
  the 
  Ribes 
  

   and 
  Lettuce 
  Aphis 
  (Rhopalosiphum 
  lactucae) 
  ; 
  others 
  have 
  a 
  world- 
  

   wide 
  distribution, 
  having 
  doubtless 
  been 
  disseminated 
  on 
  nursery 
  

   stock 
  ; 
  such 
  are 
  the 
  Black 
  Peach 
  Aphis 
  (Aphis 
  persicae) 
  and 
  the 
  Woolly 
  

   Aphis 
  (Eriosoma 
  lanigerum). 
  As 
  regards 
  the 
  group 
  as 
  a 
  whole, 
  it 
  

   has 
  been 
  very 
  little 
  studied 
  in 
  Africa, 
  and 
  the 
  entire 
  list 
  includes 
  only 
  

   35 
  species. 
  Of 
  these 
  nine 
  are 
  new, 
  namely 
  : 
  Macrosiphum 
  lopho- 
  

   spermum, 
  from 
  Njoro, 
  British 
  East 
  Africa 
  ; 
  M. 
  lycopersicella 
  on 
  

   tomato 
  and 
  rape, 
  from 
  Njoro 
  ; 
  M. 
  neavei, 
  from 
  Nyasaland 
  ; 
  Macro- 
  

   siphoniella 
  bedfordi, 
  on 
  cultivated 
  chrysanthemums, 
  from 
  the 
  Trans- 
  

   vaal 
  ; 
  Aphis 
  solanella, 
  from 
  Njoro 
  ; 
  A. 
  ligustriella, 
  on 
  privet, 
  from 
  

   Pretoria 
  ; 
  A, 
  nigripes, 
  on 
  willow, 
  from 
  Pretoria 
  ; 
  A. 
  africana, 
  on 
  

   broom-corn 
  and 
  barley, 
  from 
  Njoro 
  ; 
  and 
  Lachniella 
  thujafolia, 
  on 
  

   Thuja 
  orientalis, 
  from 
  the 
  Transvaal. 
  

  

  