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  Mitteilungen 
  der 
  Station 
  f 
  iir 
  Pf 
  lanzenschutz 
  in 
  Hamburg. 
  [Communica- 
  

   tions 
  from 
  the 
  Hamburg 
  station 
  for 
  plant 
  protection.] 
  — 
  Zeits. 
  fiir 
  

   Pflanzenkrankheiten, 
  Stuttgart, 
  xxiv, 
  no. 
  1, 
  31st 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  p. 
  41. 
  

  

  The 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  was 
  found 
  on 
  2'29 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  fresh 
  fruit 
  imported 
  

   from 
  North 
  America, 
  and 
  on 
  ()"25 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  that 
  from 
  Australia. 
  

   The 
  living 
  plants 
  on 
  ^Yhich 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  were 
  two 
  Primus 
  in 
  pots 
  

   from 
  Japan. 
  The 
  drought 
  caused 
  an 
  increase 
  of 
  the 
  Aphids 
  on 
  many 
  

   field 
  and 
  garden 
  fruit-trees, 
  many 
  varieties 
  of 
  beans 
  suffering 
  from 
  

   the 
  attacks 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  aphis. 
  Bird 
  protection 
  was 
  advanced 
  by 
  

   the 
  provision 
  of 
  suitable 
  copses, 
  nesting 
  places, 
  feeding 
  places 
  and 
  the 
  

   circulation 
  of 
  advice 
  on 
  the 
  subject. 
  

  

  Johnson 
  (F.). 
  The 
  Grape 
  Leaf 
  hopper 
  in 
  the 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  Valley. 
  — 
  Bull. 
  

  

  U. 
  S, 
  Dept. 
  Agric, 
  Washington, 
  D.C., 
  no. 
  19, 
  24th 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  

   47 
  pp., 
  13 
  figs., 
  3 
  pis. 
  

  

  The 
  grape 
  leaf-hopper, 
  Typlilocyha 
  comes, 
  Say, 
  and 
  its 
  several 
  

   varieties 
  are 
  of 
  common 
  occurrence 
  on 
  native 
  grape-vines 
  throughout 
  

   the 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  Canada, 
  having 
  been 
  first 
  recorded 
  from 
  Missouri 
  

   in 
  1825. 
  During 
  the 
  growing 
  season 
  of 
  the 
  grape-vine, 
  this 
  leaf-hopper 
  

   apparently 
  confines 
  its 
  attacks 
  to 
  the 
  foliage 
  of 
  this 
  plant. 
  Early 
  in 
  

   the 
  spring 
  the 
  adults 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  new 
  foliage 
  of 
  almost 
  any 
  plants 
  with 
  

   which 
  they 
  come 
  in 
  contact, 
  whether 
  it 
  be 
  the 
  foliage 
  of 
  trees 
  and 
  shrubs 
  

   in 
  woodlands, 
  or 
  the 
  weeds 
  and 
  grasses 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  open 
  arable 
  and 
  

   pasture 
  lands 
  ; 
  but 
  when 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  cultivated 
  vines 
  unfold 
  

   there 
  is 
  a 
  complete 
  migration 
  of 
  the 
  hoppers 
  from 
  the 
  wild 
  plants, 
  

   including 
  the 
  wild 
  grape-vines, 
  to 
  the 
  cultivated 
  vines. 
  By 
  repeated 
  

   observations 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  that 
  this 
  insect 
  reproduces 
  only 
  on 
  the 
  

   fohage 
  of 
  wild 
  and 
  cultivated 
  grapes, 
  and 
  more 
  freely 
  upon 
  the 
  latter. 
  

   The 
  insect 
  in 
  its 
  nymphal 
  and 
  adult 
  stages 
  sucks 
  the 
  juices 
  from 
  the 
  

   leaves, 
  causing, 
  in 
  severe 
  cases, 
  the 
  whole 
  vine 
  to 
  become 
  dried 
  up 
  and 
  

   almost 
  functionless 
  long 
  before 
  the 
  normal 
  ripening 
  of 
  the 
  fruit. 
  

   Prof. 
  H. 
  J. 
  Quayle 
  states 
  that 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  Phylloxera, 
  the 
  

   vine-hopper 
  is 
  undoubtedly 
  the 
  most 
  destructive 
  insect 
  pest 
  of 
  the 
  

   vine 
  in 
  Ohio 
  State. 
  The 
  insect 
  is 
  generally 
  present 
  everywhere 
  and 
  

   may 
  occur 
  for 
  several 
  seasons 
  without 
  attracting 
  attention 
  ; 
  then 
  it 
  

   begins 
  to 
  increase 
  and 
  finally 
  becomes 
  so 
  abundant 
  as 
  to 
  cause 
  severe 
  

   damage. 
  The 
  species 
  most 
  commonly 
  associated 
  with 
  T. 
  comes 
  is 
  

   T. 
  tricincta, 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  varying 
  in 
  different 
  areas. 
  

   T. 
  vulnerata 
  was 
  also 
  present 
  on 
  the 
  North, 
  South 
  and 
  Middle 
  Bass 
  

   Islands, 
  and 
  on 
  Kelly's 
  Island. 
  The 
  adults 
  usually 
  commence 
  to 
  

   attack 
  the 
  vines 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May, 
  and 
  in 
  1912 
  the 
  first 
  eggs 
  

   were 
  found 
  on 
  10th 
  June, 
  and 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  a 
  new 
  brood 
  occurred 
  

   on 
  12th 
  July. 
  From 
  experiments 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  that 
  some 
  females 
  

   may 
  deposit 
  about 
  140 
  eggs. 
  In 
  normal 
  seasons 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  

   first 
  brood 
  adults 
  appear 
  after 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  the 
  nymphal 
  

   period 
  is 
  lengthened 
  by 
  low 
  temperatures. 
  If 
  high 
  temperatures 
  

   prevail, 
  the 
  nymphs 
  develop 
  rapidly 
  and 
  these 
  will 
  mate 
  and 
  deposit 
  

   eggs 
  resulting 
  in 
  a 
  second 
  brood 
  of 
  nymphs. 
  Towards 
  the 
  middle 
  and 
  

   end 
  of 
  September, 
  the 
  adults 
  of 
  both 
  broods 
  migrate 
  from 
  the 
  vineyards 
  

   and 
  come 
  to 
  rest 
  in 
  adjoining 
  woodlands 
  or 
  rough 
  pasture 
  lands, 
  later 
  

   seeking 
  the 
  shelter 
  of 
  leaves 
  and 
  trash. 
  During 
  investigations 
  on 
  

   this 
  pest 
  only 
  one 
  instance 
  of 
  parasitism 
  was 
  noted, 
  when 
  P. 
  R. 
  Jones 
  

  

  