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  Stewart 
  (V. 
  B.). 
  The 
  Importance 
  of 
  the 
  Tarnished 
  Plant 
  Bug 
  in 
  the 
  

   Dissemination 
  of 
  the 
  Fire 
  Blight 
  in 
  Nursery 
  Stock. 
  — 
  Phytopatho- 
  

   logy, 
  Baltimore, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  G, 
  Dec. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  273-276, 
  1 
  pi. 
  

  

  Considerable 
  attention 
  has 
  been 
  given 
  during 
  the 
  past 
  few 
  years 
  to 
  

   the 
  dissemination 
  of 
  the 
  fire 
  blight 
  bacterium 
  {Bacillus 
  amylivonis), 
  

   in 
  nursery 
  stock, 
  by 
  various 
  insects. 
  Insects 
  already 
  recorded 
  as 
  of 
  

   possible 
  importance 
  in 
  this 
  connection 
  are 
  Aphis 
  pomi, 
  and 
  the 
  following 
  

   species 
  of 
  sucking 
  bugs 
  : 
  — 
  Reduviolus 
  ferus, 
  Plagiognathus 
  politusa, 
  

   Platymetopius 
  acutus, 
  Empoasca 
  mali, 
  Typhlocyha 
  rosae, 
  Campylomma 
  

   verbasciy 
  Lygus 
  pratensis, 
  Orthotylus 
  Jlavosparsus, 
  Chlamydatus 
  

   associatus, 
  Cosmopepla 
  carnifex 
  and 
  Siphocoryne 
  avenae. 
  Among 
  

   these 
  the 
  tarnished 
  plant 
  bug, 
  Lygus 
  pratensis, 
  has 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  

   most 
  important 
  in 
  transmitting 
  the 
  blight 
  parasite 
  to 
  healthy 
  trees. 
  

   During 
  July 
  1913, 
  this 
  insect 
  was 
  very 
  abundant 
  on 
  apples, 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  

   rule, 
  the 
  blight 
  became 
  more 
  prevalent 
  with 
  their 
  appearance. 
  

   Experiments 
  were 
  made 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  ascertain 
  to 
  what 
  degree 
  the 
  insect 
  

   was 
  responsible 
  for 
  its 
  spread 
  ; 
  it 
  was 
  shown 
  that 
  insects 
  visting 
  

   bhghted 
  tissue 
  become 
  smeared 
  with 
  the 
  gummy 
  exudation 
  from 
  the 
  

   blight 
  lesions 
  and 
  carry 
  bacteria 
  to 
  the 
  tender 
  twigs 
  ; 
  here, 
  in 
  sucking 
  

   the 
  sap, 
  the 
  insects 
  puncture 
  the 
  tissues, 
  thus 
  forming 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  

   entrance 
  for 
  the 
  blight 
  germs, 
  with 
  the 
  result 
  that 
  the 
  twigs 
  may 
  soon 
  

   become 
  infected. 
  These 
  facts 
  emphasise 
  the 
  importance 
  of 
  removing 
  

   all 
  blight 
  infections 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  they 
  appear, 
  as 
  without 
  the 
  sources 
  

   of 
  infection, 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  disseminating 
  agents 
  is 
  not 
  so 
  important. 
  

   Pears, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  apples, 
  have 
  had 
  the 
  blight 
  transmitted 
  to 
  them 
  in 
  

   this 
  way. 
  

  

  Crawford 
  (J. 
  C). 
  Descriptions 
  of 
  new 
  Hymenoptera, 
  nos. 
  6, 
  7, 
  8. 
  

   Proc. 
  U.S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  Washington, 
  xlv, 
  22nd 
  May, 
  1913, 
  

   pp. 
  241-260; 
  xlv, 
  22nd 
  May, 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  309-317; 
  xlvi, 
  23rd 
  Dec, 
  

   pp. 
  343-352. 
  

  

  These 
  three 
  papers 
  are 
  systematic 
  in 
  character. 
  The 
  first 
  includes 
  

   a 
  number 
  of 
  new 
  species, 
  the 
  following 
  being 
  those 
  of 
  economic 
  

   importance 
  : 
  Bruchocida 
  vuilleti, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  from 
  Senegal 
  ; 
  Bruchocida 
  

   orientalis, 
  reared 
  from 
  Bruchus 
  chinensis, 
  at 
  Bangalore, 
  India 
  ; 
  

   Coccidoxenus 
  portoricensis, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  Porto 
  E-ico, 
  reared 
  from 
  the 
  " 
  Wax 
  

   Scale 
  " 
  ; 
  Bruchobius 
  laticeps, 
  Ashmead, 
  bred 
  from 
  Bruchus 
  quadri- 
  

   maculatus, 
  (no 
  habitat 
  given) 
  ; 
  Bruchobius 
  colemani, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  from 
  

   Bruchus 
  chinensis, 
  2it 
  Bangalore; 
  Cassidocida 
  aspidomorphae, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  

   reared 
  from 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Aspidomorpha 
  miliaris, 
  at 
  Bangalore. 
  

  

  Most 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  described 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  paper 
  are 
  of 
  economic 
  

   importance. 
  Cercocephala 
  atroviolacea, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  from 
  New 
  Mexico 
  ; 
  

   Derostenus 
  agromyzae, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  from 
  Indiana, 
  U.S.A., 
  host 
  Agromyza 
  

   atigulata 
  ; 
  B. 
  arizonensis, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  from 
  Arizona 
  ; 
  D. 
  variipes, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  

   from 
  Indiana, 
  Agromyza 
  pusilla 
  ; 
  Entedon 
  thomsoni, 
  sp. 
  n., 
  from 
  

   Indiana, 
  reared 
  from 
  Agromyza 
  angulata 
  ; 
  Cirrospilus 
  flavoviridis, 
  

   sp. 
  n., 
  from 
  Utah, 
  reared 
  from 
  Agromyza. 
  

  

  The 
  third 
  paper 
  contains 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  an 
  examination 
  of 
  a 
  small, 
  

   but 
  extremely 
  interesting 
  collection 
  from 
  Trinidad, 
  sent 
  by 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  W. 
  

   Urich. 
  Among 
  the 
  new 
  species 
  described 
  are 
  : 
  Telenomus 
  tabanocida, 
  

   reared 
  from 
  Tabanid 
  eggs 
  ; 
  Perilampidea 
  syrphi, 
  reared 
  from 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  of 
  a 
  Syrphid 
  preying 
  on 
  Dactylopius 
  citri, 
  found 
  on 
  cacao 
  ; 
  and 
  

   Signiphora 
  giraulti, 
  bred 
  from 
  Dactylopius 
  citri. 
  

  

  