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  289 
  

  

  Zappelli 
  (P.). 
  Anche 
  la 
  ** 
  Mosca 
  olearia" 
  flnalmente 
  6 
  vinta! 
  [The 
  

   olive 
  fly 
  has 
  at 
  last 
  been 
  conquered.] 
  — 
  UAgricoltura 
  Sabina, 
  

   Poggio'^Mirteto, 
  xii, 
  no. 
  12, 
  31st 
  Dec. 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  49-50. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  states 
  that 
  efficient 
  defence 
  against 
  the 
  olive 
  fly 
  is 
  

   provided 
  by 
  Professor 
  Lotrionte's 
  system 
  of 
  poison 
  traps, 
  called 
  

   ** 
  capannette 
  " 
  (little 
  huts) 
  because 
  of 
  their 
  shape. 
  A 
  sheet 
  of 
  tin, 
  

   14 
  inches 
  by 
  10 
  inches, 
  is 
  bent 
  into 
  a 
  V-shaped 
  gutter 
  which 
  is 
  inverted 
  

   to 
  form 
  a 
  roof 
  for 
  a 
  bundle 
  of 
  dried 
  olive 
  twigs 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  hollow 
  

   and 
  retained 
  there 
  by 
  two 
  galvanised 
  iron 
  wires. 
  The 
  ends 
  of 
  these 
  

   are 
  brought 
  through 
  the 
  ridge 
  of 
  the 
  roof 
  and 
  are 
  then 
  wound 
  round 
  

   the 
  lowest 
  horizontal 
  branch 
  of 
  the 
  olive 
  tree 
  requiring 
  protection. 
  

   It 
  is 
  necessary 
  for 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  twigs 
  to 
  protrude 
  from 
  under 
  the 
  edges 
  

   of 
  the 
  roof 
  and 
  also 
  for 
  the 
  trap 
  to 
  be 
  fastened 
  very 
  firmly 
  to 
  the 
  branch 
  

   to 
  prevent 
  it 
  swinging 
  about. 
  Before 
  fastening 
  it, 
  the 
  twigs 
  should 
  

   be 
  well 
  wetted 
  with 
  the 
  following 
  mixture 
  : 
  Liquid 
  glucose 
  50 
  to 
  60 
  

   parts, 
  sodium 
  arsenite 
  2 
  parts, 
  boric 
  acid 
  2 
  parts, 
  borate 
  of 
  soda 
  2 
  

   parts, 
  all 
  by 
  weight. 
  One 
  trap 
  per 
  tree 
  is 
  required 
  where 
  the 
  tree 
  has 
  

   few 
  branches 
  and 
  two 
  traps 
  where 
  branches 
  are 
  numerous. 
  If 
  the 
  

   system 
  is 
  adopted 
  throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  an 
  extended 
  olive-growing 
  

   region, 
  one 
  trap 
  for 
  every 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  trees 
  may 
  prove 
  sufficient. 
  

   Care 
  must 
  be 
  exercised 
  to 
  avoid 
  spilling 
  or 
  dropping 
  the 
  mixture 
  on 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  and 
  branches 
  of 
  the 
  tree. 
  The 
  mixture 
  must 
  be 
  re-applied 
  

   about 
  five 
  times 
  during 
  the 
  season 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  spray 
  pump, 
  with, 
  

   careful 
  attention 
  to 
  avoid 
  spilling. 
  In 
  an 
  experiment 
  which 
  was 
  

   carried 
  out 
  on 
  about 
  1,500 
  trees, 
  the 
  traps 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  position 
  in 
  the 
  

   end 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  beginning 
  of 
  July. 
  The 
  five 
  renewals 
  of 
  mixture 
  were 
  

   made 
  on 
  the 
  following 
  dates 
  : 
  — 
  From 
  15th 
  to 
  16th 
  July, 
  6th 
  to 
  8th. 
  

   August, 
  25th 
  to 
  27th 
  August, 
  8th 
  to 
  10th 
  September, 
  2nd 
  to 
  5th. 
  

   October. 
  To 
  check 
  results, 
  '' 
  control 
  " 
  olive 
  groves 
  were 
  chosen 
  

   adjoining, 
  but 
  higher 
  up 
  the 
  slope 
  than 
  the 
  plantations 
  treated. 
  As 
  

   the 
  fly 
  prefers 
  low-lying 
  areas, 
  the 
  control 
  plots 
  were 
  in 
  a 
  more 
  favour- 
  

   able 
  position 
  than 
  the 
  others. 
  Yet 
  of 
  the 
  olives 
  gathered 
  from 
  these 
  

   trees, 
  from 
  30 
  to 
  50 
  per 
  cent, 
  were 
  infested 
  and 
  the 
  olives 
  which 
  had 
  

   fallen 
  on 
  the 
  ground 
  showed 
  a 
  percentage 
  of 
  80 
  to 
  90. 
  In 
  the 
  protected 
  

   plantations 
  these 
  figures 
  were 
  respectively 
  1 
  to 
  2 
  per 
  cent, 
  and 
  4 
  to 
  5 
  

   per 
  cent. 
  Proceeding 
  to 
  the 
  store-room, 
  a 
  handful 
  of 
  olives 
  from 
  the 
  

   control 
  trees 
  and 
  another 
  from 
  the 
  treated 
  ones, 
  were 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  

   heaps, 
  and 
  whereas 
  the 
  first 
  had 
  50 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  fruit 
  damaged 
  the 
  

   others 
  were 
  quite 
  perfect. 
  The 
  grower 
  had 
  also 
  sprayed 
  the 
  crown 
  of 
  

   the 
  treated 
  trees 
  with 
  acid 
  Bordeaux 
  mixture 
  containing 
  1 
  per 
  cent, 
  

   lime 
  and 
  IJ 
  per 
  cent, 
  copper 
  sulphate, 
  with 
  the 
  twofold 
  aim 
  of 
  com- 
  

   bating 
  Cycloconius 
  and 
  of 
  hardening 
  the 
  olive 
  skins 
  and 
  thus 
  rendering 
  

   it 
  more 
  difficult 
  for 
  the 
  fly 
  to 
  pierce 
  them 
  ; 
  the 
  same 
  spray 
  was 
  used 
  — 
  

   though 
  to 
  a 
  less 
  extent— 
  on 
  the 
  control 
  trees. 
  The 
  attack 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  

   also 
  occurred 
  this 
  year 
  at 
  a 
  very 
  late 
  date 
  — 
  in 
  October 
  — 
  when 
  the 
  

   fruits 
  were 
  already 
  about 
  to 
  ripen. 
  Thus 
  the 
  results 
  attained 
  are 
  

   entirely 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  new 
  system. 
  In 
  another 
  district 
  the 
  same 
  ex- 
  

   periment 
  was 
  made 
  on 
  over 
  1,500 
  trees 
  and 
  with 
  practically 
  identical 
  

   results. 
  The 
  problem 
  may, 
  in 
  the 
  author's 
  opinion, 
  be 
  considered 
  

   solved. 
  

  

  (C30) 
  B 
  

  

  