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  pests 
  and 
  parasites 
  are 
  now 
  being 
  imported 
  into 
  America. 
  The 
  

   enemies 
  which 
  are 
  at 
  present 
  destroying 
  the 
  largest 
  number 
  of 
  gipsy 
  

   moth 
  caterpillars 
  and 
  pupae, 
  are 
  a 
  Calasoma 
  beetle 
  (C. 
  sycophanta, 
  L.), 
  

   a 
  Tachinid 
  fly 
  (Compsilura 
  concinnata, 
  ^Ig.), 
  and 
  A 
  panteles 
  lacteicolor, 
  

   Vier. 
  Two 
  species 
  of 
  egg-parasites 
  imported 
  from 
  Japan, 
  Schedius 
  

   kuvanae, 
  How\, 
  and 
  Anastatiis 
  bifasciatus, 
  Fonsc, 
  are 
  also 
  proving 
  of 
  

   great 
  value. 
  These 
  parasites 
  and 
  enemies, 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  

   egg-parasites, 
  also 
  destroy 
  the 
  brown-tail 
  moth. 
  Meteorus 
  versicolor, 
  

   Wesm., 
  attacks 
  the 
  latter, 
  but 
  not 
  the 
  gipsy 
  moth. 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  methods 
  of 
  control 
  recommended 
  for 
  the 
  brown-tail 
  

   moth 
  is 
  the 
  cutting 
  off 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  webs 
  and 
  burning 
  them 
  before 
  

   the 
  caterpillars 
  begin 
  to 
  emerge 
  in 
  April. 
  Spraying 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  is 
  not 
  

   a 
  satisfactory 
  method 
  since 
  there 
  is 
  not 
  sufficient 
  foliage 
  to 
  hold 
  the 
  

   spray. 
  The 
  most 
  effective 
  measure 
  is 
  to 
  spray 
  the 
  trees 
  before 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  August, 
  using 
  from 
  6 
  to 
  10 
  pounds 
  of 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  to 
  100 
  

   gallons 
  of 
  water. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  methods 
  of 
  controlling 
  the 
  gipsy 
  

   moth 
  is 
  to 
  treat 
  the 
  egg-clusters 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  between 
  1st 
  August 
  and 
  

   1st 
  April 
  with 
  creosote, 
  to 
  which 
  a 
  small 
  amount 
  of 
  lampblack 
  has 
  been 
  

   added. 
  This 
  mixture 
  is 
  applied 
  with 
  a 
  brush. 
  Burlap 
  and 
  tanglefoot 
  

   bands 
  are 
  also 
  recommended. 
  The 
  most 
  effective 
  spray 
  for 
  the 
  gipsy 
  

   moth 
  is 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  paste 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  foliage 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  10 
  lb. 
  

   to 
  100 
  gallons 
  of 
  water, 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  high 
  power 
  spray 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  

   large 
  shade 
  trees. 
  In 
  orchards, 
  early 
  spraying 
  will 
  be 
  sufficient 
  where 
  

   few 
  egg-clusters 
  are 
  present, 
  or 
  where 
  the 
  infestation 
  is 
  more 
  serious, 
  a- 
  

   second 
  spray 
  in 
  June 
  w^ill 
  be 
  found 
  satisfactory. 
  All 
  poor 
  or 
  hollow 
  

   trees 
  should 
  be 
  removed, 
  and 
  if 
  near 
  an 
  infested 
  woodland, 
  the 
  trees 
  

   should 
  be 
  banded 
  with 
  tanglefoot. 
  In 
  cities 
  and 
  towns 
  the 
  same 
  

   methods 
  can 
  be 
  used, 
  but 
  they 
  will 
  not 
  satisfactorily 
  control 
  the 
  gipsy 
  

   moth 
  in 
  woodland 
  areas. 
  The 
  treatment 
  of 
  such 
  areas 
  is 
  made 
  more 
  

   difficult 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  composed 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  of 
  several 
  

   species 
  of 
  trees. 
  Sometimes 
  practical 
  methods 
  of 
  thinning 
  can 
  be 
  

   adopted 
  so 
  that 
  those 
  species 
  will 
  be 
  left 
  that 
  are 
  only 
  slightly 
  subject 
  to 
  

   injury 
  by 
  these 
  insects 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  protection 
  of 
  woodland 
  is 
  a 
  problem 
  

   needing 
  much 
  study 
  and 
  investigation. 
  The 
  damage 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  

   brown-tail 
  moth 
  is 
  ordinarily 
  not 
  so 
  severe 
  as 
  that 
  resulting 
  from 
  

   gipsy-moth 
  infestation, 
  and 
  elimination 
  of 
  oak, 
  scrub-apple, 
  and 
  wild 
  

   cherry 
  trees 
  greatly 
  assists 
  in 
  reducing 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  this 
  pest. 
  Each 
  

   of 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  States 
  is 
  carrying 
  on 
  work 
  for 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  these 
  

   insects, 
  a 
  State 
  official 
  being 
  in 
  charge. 
  A 
  brief 
  summary 
  of 
  the 
  con- 
  

   ditions 
  of 
  infestation 
  in 
  each 
  State 
  is 
  given 
  with 
  a 
  statement 
  of 
  any 
  

   special 
  lines 
  of 
  work 
  that 
  are 
  being 
  attempted. 
  The 
  work 
  carried 
  on 
  

   by 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  is 
  designed 
  to 
  check 
  

   the 
  spread 
  of 
  these 
  insects, 
  and 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  obtain 
  better 
  methods 
  of 
  

   control 
  the 
  programme 
  includes 
  a 
  thorough 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  food-plants, 
  

   the 
  feeding 
  habits 
  in 
  the 
  various 
  stages, 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  increase 
  in 
  the 
  field, 
  

   the 
  means 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  insects 
  are 
  spread, 
  the 
  introduction 
  and 
  

   distribution 
  of 
  foreign 
  parasites 
  and 
  natural 
  enemies, 
  and 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  

   the 
  wilt 
  disease. 
  Silvicultural 
  investigations 
  and 
  scouting 
  work 
  are 
  

   being 
  carried 
  on 
  to 
  a 
  large 
  extent 
  and 
  this 
  serves 
  to 
  establish 
  the 
  

   quarantine 
  line. 
  Various 
  parasites 
  have 
  been 
  liberated 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  

   New 
  England 
  States, 
  and 
  records 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  control 
  work 
  is 
  meeting 
  

   with 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  success. 
  

  

  