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  sulphur 
  mixture, 
  which 
  is 
  only 
  an 
  undefined 
  polysulphide 
  of 
  calcium 
  

   with 
  sulphurous 
  and 
  sulphhydric 
  compounds, 
  the 
  alkaline 
  polysul- 
  

   phides 
  soluble 
  in 
  2 
  parts 
  of 
  water 
  act 
  by 
  their 
  causticity 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  

   sulphur 
  they 
  deposit 
  on 
  the 
  affected 
  parts. 
  This 
  sulphur 
  is 
  extremely 
  

   active, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  a 
  nascent 
  state. 
  The 
  polysulphide 
  in 
  concentrated 
  

   (20-25 
  per 
  cent.) 
  solution 
  keeps 
  almost 
  indefinitely. 
  It 
  only 
  requires 
  

   diluting 
  with 
  water 
  to 
  yield 
  solutions 
  of 
  1, 
  2 
  or 
  5 
  per 
  cent, 
  as 
  required 
  

   at 
  the 
  very 
  moment 
  of 
  application. 
  The 
  author 
  questions 
  whether 
  

   it 
  is 
  worth 
  while 
  carrying 
  out 
  dehcate 
  operations 
  to 
  obtain 
  an 
  unstable 
  

   and 
  even 
  dangerous 
  product, 
  when 
  the 
  commercial 
  article 
  is 
  of 
  constant 
  

   quality 
  and 
  needs 
  nothing 
  more 
  than 
  dilution 
  for 
  use. 
  

  

  Borodin 
  (D.). 
  PaOoTbi 
  no 
  6opb6t 
  co 
  BpeflMTejiflMM 
  ii 
  GontsHflMM 
  

   caflOBla 
  BTj 
  MapT'b. 
  [Control 
  measure 
  to 
  be 
  taken 
  against 
  pests 
  

   and 
  diseases 
  of 
  orchards 
  in 
  March.] 
  — 
  « 
  XyTOpflHMH'b» 
  [Chuto- 
  

   rianinl 
  Poltava, 
  26th 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  333-336, 
  2 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  calls 
  the 
  attention 
  of 
  Russian 
  fruit-growers 
  to 
  the 
  neces- 
  

   sary 
  preventive 
  measures 
  which 
  must 
  be 
  applied 
  in 
  their 
  orchards 
  

   during 
  March. 
  He 
  first 
  recommends 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  various 
  

   wintering 
  pests, 
  such 
  as 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  Aporia 
  crataegi, 
  Euproctis 
  

   chrysorrhoea 
  and 
  Cydia 
  pomonella, 
  and 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  Rhynchites, 
  Mala- 
  

   cosoma 
  neusfria, 
  Lymantria 
  dispar 
  and 
  others. 
  He 
  figures 
  the 
  nests 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  Aporia 
  crataegi 
  winter 
  and 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  eggs 
  

   of 
  M. 
  neustria, 
  and 
  gives 
  in 
  every 
  case 
  information 
  as 
  to 
  how 
  to 
  get 
  

   rid 
  of 
  the 
  pests. 
  He 
  suggests 
  also 
  the 
  removal 
  and 
  destruction 
  of 
  all 
  

   withered 
  fruit, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  left 
  on 
  the 
  trees, 
  as 
  this 
  fosters 
  various 
  

   fungus 
  diseases, 
  Monilia 
  etc. 
  As 
  a 
  protection 
  against 
  scale-insects, 
  

   he 
  recommends 
  smearing 
  over 
  the 
  attacked 
  parts 
  with 
  California 
  

   mixture, 
  [see 
  this 
  Revieiv, 
  Ser. 
  A. 
  ii, 
  pp. 
  209-10] 
  and 
  with 
  carbolineum, 
  

   which 
  latter 
  however 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  applied 
  to 
  trunks 
  and 
  thick 
  branches, 
  

   for 
  the 
  thin 
  branches 
  and 
  shoots 
  are 
  injured 
  by 
  it. 
  He 
  remarks 
  that 
  

   Scalecide 
  and 
  some 
  other 
  remedies 
  against 
  scale-insects 
  have 
  not 
  yet 
  

   been 
  tested 
  sufficiently. 
  

  

  Rept. 
  Dept. 
  Agric. 
  Union 
  of 
  S. 
  Africa, 
  1st 
  Jan. 
  1912 
  to 
  31st 
  March 
  

   1913, 
  Cape 
  Town, 
  1913. 
  [Received 
  25th 
  Feb. 
  1914.] 
  

  

  Aspidiotus 
  hederae 
  appeared 
  again 
  on 
  one 
  or 
  tw^o 
  olive 
  trees 
  and 
  

   the 
  apple 
  and 
  pear 
  trees 
  will 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  treated 
  with 
  lime-sulphur 
  wash 
  

   next 
  winter 
  for 
  greedy 
  scale 
  (Aspidiotus 
  rapax). 
  Olive 
  bug 
  has 
  been 
  

   less 
  abundant, 
  but 
  has 
  necessitated 
  spraying 
  with 
  McDougall's 
  dip 
  

   at 
  least 
  once 
  a 
  month. 
  Fruit 
  fly 
  was 
  in 
  evidence, 
  but 
  w^as 
  kept 
  well 
  

   in 
  hand 
  with 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  spray. 
  Among 
  the 
  specimens 
  of 
  vine 
  

   pests 
  sent 
  in 
  for 
  diagnosis, 
  Dr. 
  Perold 
  found 
  Phylloxera 
  and 
  mealy 
  bug. 
  

   Mr. 
  C. 
  W. 
  Mally, 
  the 
  Cape 
  Province 
  Entomologist, 
  reports 
  on 
  the 
  

   olive 
  fly 
  parasites. 
  During 
  May 
  and 
  June 
  five 
  lots 
  of 
  olives, 
  presum- 
  

   ably 
  infected 
  by 
  maggots 
  of 
  the 
  olive 
  fly, 
  Dacus 
  oleae, 
  were 
  sent 
  to 
  

   Dr. 
  F. 
  Silvestri 
  at 
  Portici, 
  Italy, 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  establishing 
  the 
  

   South 
  African 
  parasites 
  of 
  this 
  fly 
  in 
  Italy. 
  The 
  results 
  appeared 
  to 
  

   be 
  negative. 
  Also 
  during 
  April, 
  May, 
  June 
  and 
  July 
  nine 
  lots 
  of 
  black 
  

   scale 
  (Saissetia 
  oleae) 
  were 
  sent 
  to 
  California 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  establish 
  the 
  

   South 
  African 
  parasites 
  of 
  this 
  scale-insect 
  in 
  America. 
  The 
  

  

  