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  beetle 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  serious 
  pests 
  in 
  1913, 
  not 
  only 
  on 
  account 
  

   of 
  the 
  direct 
  injury 
  caused, 
  but 
  because 
  that 
  injury 
  affords 
  a 
  point 
  of 
  

   entrance 
  to 
  the 
  fungous 
  disease 
  of 
  the 
  potato, 
  known 
  as 
  early 
  blight. 
  

   The 
  most 
  effective 
  treatment 
  for 
  this 
  insect 
  is 
  to 
  spray 
  the 
  plants 
  with 
  

   Bordeaux 
  mixture. 
  The 
  latter 
  serves 
  merely 
  as 
  a 
  repellant. 
  Wire 
  

   worms 
  primarily 
  infest 
  grass, 
  but 
  are 
  not 
  adverse 
  to 
  feeding 
  upon 
  

   potato 
  tubers 
  and 
  often 
  do 
  considerable 
  damage 
  by 
  boring 
  through 
  

   them. 
  The 
  best 
  method 
  of 
  control, 
  so 
  far 
  devised, 
  is 
  autumn 
  ploughing 
  

   to 
  destroy 
  the 
  over 
  wintering 
  pupae 
  in 
  their 
  cells 
  in 
  the 
  ground. 
  Cut 
  

   worms 
  are 
  not 
  especially 
  fond 
  of 
  potatoes, 
  but 
  often 
  do 
  considerable 
  

   damage. 
  No 
  method 
  seems 
  to 
  give 
  perfect 
  control 
  results, 
  but 
  clean 
  

   culture 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  effective 
  remedies 
  and 
  if 
  consistently 
  followed, 
  

   will 
  give 
  a 
  good 
  measure 
  of 
  success. 
  A 
  very 
  common 
  and 
  effective 
  

   treatment 
  is 
  to 
  poison 
  the 
  worms 
  with 
  the 
  poisoned 
  bran 
  mash 
  recom- 
  

   mended 
  for 
  grasshoppers. 
  Several 
  species 
  of 
  grasshoppers 
  injure 
  

   the 
  potato 
  by 
  destroying 
  its 
  leaves 
  and 
  stem. 
  In 
  certain 
  districts 
  

   along 
  the 
  Columbia 
  and 
  Snake 
  Eivers, 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  most 
  serious 
  out- 
  

   break 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  in 
  1913. 
  Fortunately 
  the 
  early 
  potato 
  crop 
  was 
  well 
  

   advanced 
  by 
  the 
  time 
  the 
  insects 
  swarmed 
  into 
  the 
  fields 
  and 
  gardens, 
  

   but 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  the 
  late 
  potatoes 
  suffered 
  severely. 
  Where 
  grass- 
  

   hoppers 
  are 
  already 
  in 
  the 
  fields, 
  orchards 
  and 
  gardens, 
  the 
  best 
  method 
  

   is 
  to 
  kill 
  them 
  with 
  a 
  poisoned 
  bran 
  mash, 
  one 
  formula 
  being 
  : 
  Bran 
  

   25 
  lb., 
  syrup 
  1 
  gal., 
  Paris 
  green 
  2 
  lb. 
  The 
  Colorado 
  potato 
  beetle 
  was 
  

   found 
  quite 
  commonly 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  of 
  Eastern 
  Washington 
  during 
  

   the 
  summer 
  of 
  1913, 
  thus 
  being, 
  at 
  last, 
  established 
  in 
  the 
  State. 
  

   Both 
  Paris 
  green 
  and 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  are 
  effective 
  poisons, 
  the 
  latter 
  

   being 
  perhaps 
  preferable. 
  Another 
  introduction 
  of 
  recent 
  years 
  is 
  the 
  

   potato 
  tuber 
  moth, 
  or 
  potato 
  worm, 
  which, 
  for 
  several 
  years, 
  has 
  been 
  

   the 
  worst 
  potato 
  pest 
  in 
  California. 
  With 
  this, 
  as 
  indeed 
  with 
  most 
  

   other 
  pests, 
  clean 
  culture 
  is 
  a 
  most 
  important 
  method 
  of 
  control. 
  

  

  GiRODAY 
  (B. 
  de 
  la). 
  L'Artichaut 
  dans 
  la 
  Gironde. 
  [The 
  Artichoke 
  

   in 
  the 
  Gironde.] 
  — 
  La 
  Vie 
  Agric. 
  Rut., 
  Paris, 
  iii, 
  no. 
  12, 
  21st 
  Feb. 
  

   1914, 
  pp. 
  331-335. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  article 
  the 
  author 
  gives 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  intensive 
  production 
  

   of 
  the 
  artichoke 
  in 
  Gironde, 
  describing 
  the 
  varieties 
  grown 
  and 
  methods 
  

   of 
  cultivation. 
  In 
  a 
  paragraph 
  on 
  the 
  natural 
  enemies 
  of 
  this 
  crop, 
  

   the 
  author 
  notes 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  a 
  Vanessa 
  butterfly 
  [doubtless 
  

   Pyrameis 
  cardui] 
  invade 
  the 
  fields 
  of 
  artichokes 
  in 
  great 
  numbers 
  

   and 
  entirely 
  devour 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  fruit. 
  Tobacco 
  decoctions 
  are 
  of 
  

   value 
  in 
  protecting 
  the 
  young 
  plants, 
  but 
  cannot 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  older 
  

   plants, 
  since 
  they 
  impart 
  to 
  the 
  fruit 
  the 
  odour 
  of 
  tobacco, 
  rendering 
  

   them 
  useless 
  for 
  food. 
  This 
  pest 
  disappears 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  weeks 
  and 
  several 
  

   years 
  may 
  pass 
  without 
  any 
  further 
  attacks. 
  The 
  green 
  Cassid 
  beetle, 
  

   though 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  cause 
  such 
  serious 
  damage 
  as 
  the 
  butterfly, 
  renews 
  

   its 
  attack 
  every 
  year. 
  The 
  larvae 
  are 
  very 
  resistant 
  to 
  insecticides 
  

   and 
  the 
  adults 
  eat 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  and 
  greatly 
  reduce 
  their 
  

   value. 
  Since 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  early, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  treat 
  with 
  nicotin 
  

   before 
  the 
  plants 
  have 
  developed 
  much. 
  The 
  ravages 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  are 
  

   checked 
  by 
  the 
  rains, 
  whilst 
  very 
  warm 
  dry 
  periods 
  are 
  favourable 
  

   to 
  it. 
  

  

  