﻿305 
  

  

  An 
  experiment 
  has 
  been 
  started 
  to 
  ascertain 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  damage 
  

   done 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  to 
  trees 
  of 
  various 
  ages, 
  and 
  the 
  abihty 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  

   to 
  withstand 
  the 
  damage 
  ; 
  four 
  pines 
  and 
  one 
  oak 
  were 
  surrounded 
  in 
  

   autumn 
  with 
  a 
  trench 
  and 
  about 
  1000 
  larvae 
  were 
  brought 
  into 
  the 
  

   enclosure 
  and 
  left 
  there. 
  

  

  A 
  flight 
  experiment 
  was 
  also 
  undertaken 
  by 
  Prof. 
  I. 
  K. 
  Tarnani 
  ; 
  

   about 
  1,000 
  beetles 
  were 
  marked 
  with 
  anilin 
  blue 
  and 
  black 
  varnish 
  

   and 
  released 
  in 
  a 
  field 
  2-2J 
  miles 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  forest 
  ; 
  but 
  no 
  marked 
  

   beetles 
  were 
  found 
  amongst 
  those 
  collected. 
  The 
  experiment 
  was 
  

   repeated 
  by 
  V. 
  P. 
  Shugaiev 
  with 
  inconclusive 
  results. 
  

  

  The 
  QoUected 
  beetles 
  were 
  dried 
  either 
  in 
  a 
  seed 
  drying 
  room, 
  where 
  

   they 
  perished 
  rapidly 
  from 
  the 
  high 
  temperature, 
  or 
  in 
  a 
  special 
  oven, 
  

   and 
  they 
  were 
  afterwards 
  ground 
  to 
  powder 
  in 
  a 
  special 
  mill. 
  Samples 
  

   of 
  this 
  powder 
  were 
  sent 
  to 
  Professor 
  Tarnani 
  of 
  Novo-Alexandria 
  

   for 
  analysis, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  ascertain 
  whether 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  used 
  as 
  manure. 
  

  

  Trenching 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  was 
  undertaken 
  to 
  ascertain 
  the 
  results, 
  

   of 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  the 
  adults 
  upon 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  in 
  the 
  

   soil 
  ; 
  the 
  good 
  results 
  of 
  these 
  operations 
  will 
  appear 
  in 
  the 
  report 
  of 
  

   Professor 
  Tarnani. 
  During 
  the 
  work, 
  some 
  diseased 
  larvae 
  were 
  found 
  

   and 
  sent 
  to 
  the 
  Phytopathological 
  Bureau 
  of 
  St. 
  Petersburg, 
  and 
  in 
  

   one 
  case, 
  the 
  infection 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  with 
  Botrytis 
  bassiana. 
  Bos., 
  was. 
  

   established. 
  

  

  Rutherford 
  (A.). 
  Some 
  Notes 
  on 
  Xylehorus 
  fornicatus, 
  Eichh., 
  (Shot- 
  

   Hole 
  Borer). 
  — 
  Trojp. 
  Agric, 
  Peradeniya, 
  xlii, 
  no. 
  2, 
  Feb. 
  1914, 
  

   pp. 
  220-222. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  paper 
  the 
  author 
  records 
  several 
  experiments 
  he 
  has 
  made 
  

   with 
  a 
  view 
  to 
  determining 
  whether, 
  in 
  burying 
  prunings 
  as 
  a 
  control 
  

   against 
  Xylehorus 
  fornicatus, 
  Eichh., 
  the 
  beetles 
  are 
  killed 
  or 
  are 
  unable 
  

   to 
  reach 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  soil. 
  Infested 
  twigs 
  were 
  first 
  kept 
  under 
  

   observation, 
  and 
  from 
  these 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  males 
  

   to 
  females 
  is 
  one 
  to 
  five 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  larger 
  count, 
  1 
  to 
  12*25. 
  In 
  each 
  

   gallery 
  in 
  the 
  twig 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  immature 
  insects 
  is 
  from 
  6 
  to 
  10 
  in 
  a 
  

   vigorous 
  colony, 
  or 
  may 
  be 
  as 
  high 
  as 
  17 
  or 
  18. 
  Experiments 
  were 
  

   next 
  made 
  regarding 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  control. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  place 
  several 
  

   beetles 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  glass 
  jar 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  earth 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  

   nine 
  inches 
  ; 
  this 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  present 
  no 
  formidable 
  barrier 
  to 
  their 
  

   emergence. 
  In 
  other 
  experiments 
  infested 
  twigs 
  of 
  tea 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  

   two 
  cylinders 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  7 
  and 
  5|- 
  inches 
  of 
  soil 
  respectively. 
  

   After 
  30 
  days, 
  the 
  contents 
  were 
  examined, 
  the 
  twigs 
  showed 
  a 
  growth 
  

   of 
  white 
  fungus 
  and 
  below 
  the 
  bark, 
  the 
  wood 
  was 
  almost 
  black. 
  

   Beetles 
  were 
  still 
  present 
  and 
  thriving, 
  though 
  some 
  had 
  been 
  observed 
  

   on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  and 
  probably 
  some 
  had 
  escaped 
  through 
  

   holes 
  eaten 
  in 
  the 
  muslin 
  cover. 
  On 
  30th 
  October 
  twigs 
  were 
  buried 
  

   in 
  a 
  similar 
  manner 
  with 
  slaked 
  lime. 
  No 
  beetles 
  had 
  been 
  seen 
  by 
  

   8th 
  November, 
  but 
  when 
  the 
  twigs 
  were 
  examined, 
  living 
  beetles 
  and 
  

   larvae 
  were 
  found. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  twigs 
  were 
  left 
  in 
  the 
  cylinders, 
  and 
  

   it 
  was 
  found 
  that 
  slaked 
  lime 
  had 
  failed 
  to 
  kill 
  the 
  larvae 
  after 
  an 
  

   exposure 
  to 
  it 
  of 
  23 
  days. 
  Quicklime 
  was 
  next 
  used, 
  but, 
  as 
  with 
  the 
  

   slaked 
  lime, 
  the 
  beetles, 
  under 
  laboratory 
  conditions, 
  continued^ 
  to 
  

   breed 
  in 
  prunings 
  that 
  were 
  far 
  gone 
  in 
  decay, 
  provided 
  these 
  are 
  not 
  

   too 
  dry, 
  and 
  were 
  able 
  to 
  work 
  up 
  through 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  7J 
  inches 
  of 
  

  

  (030)"^ 
  o 
  

  

  