﻿306 
  

  

  ~=firie 
  earth 
  mixed 
  with 
  the 
  lime. 
  It 
  was 
  also 
  found 
  that 
  in 
  prunings 
  

   left 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  for 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  13 
  days, 
  adults 
  and 
  

   ^yen 
  pupae 
  may 
  remain 
  alive. 
  Dipterous 
  puparia 
  and 
  larvae 
  are 
  not 
  

   infrequently 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  tunnels 
  of 
  X. 
  fornicafus, 
  but 
  even 
  if 
  they 
  

   prey 
  on 
  the 
  shot-hole 
  borers, 
  the 
  extent 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  do 
  so 
  is 
  practi- 
  

   cally 
  negligible 
  ; 
  beetles 
  and 
  their 
  larvae 
  and 
  their 
  eggs 
  have 
  been 
  

   found 
  in 
  many 
  galleries 
  that 
  contained 
  maggots. 
  It 
  is 
  clear 
  that 
  the 
  

   maggot 
  is 
  an 
  unwelcome 
  tenant 
  of 
  the 
  gallery, 
  but 
  it 
  may 
  merely 
  eat 
  

   the 
  fungus 
  which 
  forms 
  the 
  food 
  of 
  the 
  beetle 
  and 
  thus 
  serve 
  to 
  diminish 
  

   the 
  number 
  of 
  beetles 
  reaching 
  maturity. 
  Other 
  insects 
  have 
  been 
  

   encountered 
  on 
  rare 
  occasions 
  in 
  the 
  tunnels. 
  In 
  the 
  light 
  of 
  

   present 
  knowledge, 
  the 
  means 
  of 
  control 
  recommended 
  are, 
  the 
  burning 
  

   of 
  prunings, 
  discovery 
  and 
  elimination 
  of 
  breeding 
  grounds 
  in 
  plants 
  

   other 
  than 
  tea, 
  cultivation 
  and 
  manuring, 
  and 
  prevention 
  of 
  the 
  infes- 
  

   tation 
  of 
  fresh 
  areas. 
  X. 
  fornicatus 
  is 
  now 
  known 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  many 
  

   localities 
  in 
  Ceylon, 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  given. 
  

  

  Rutherford 
  (A.). 
  Tea 
  and 
  Citrus 
  Mites. 
  — 
  Trojp., 
  Agric. 
  Peradeniya, 
  

   xlii, 
  no. 
  3, 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  225-229. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  in 
  this 
  paper 
  records 
  the 
  occurrence 
  in 
  various 
  localities 
  

   of 
  the 
  following 
  mites, 
  Brevipalpus 
  obovatus, 
  Donn, 
  Tetranychus 
  

   bioculatus, 
  Wood 
  Mason, 
  and 
  T. 
  mytilaspidis, 
  Riley, 
  and 
  gives 
  a 
  descrip- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  them. 
  B. 
  obovatus 
  is 
  a 
  common 
  and 
  widely 
  distributed 
  pest 
  

   of 
  tea. 
  The 
  mite 
  lives 
  in 
  colonies 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  

   and 
  Green 
  has 
  recorded 
  cases 
  in 
  which 
  whole 
  bushes 
  have 
  been 
  almost 
  

   denuded 
  of 
  leaves 
  and 
  even 
  killed 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  this 
  pest. 
  

   Under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Tenuipalpus 
  californicus, 
  Banks 
  describes 
  a 
  mite 
  

   bearing 
  a 
  striking 
  resemblance 
  to 
  B. 
  obovatus 
  which 
  occurred 
  in 
  Cali- 
  

   fornia. 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  also 
  observed 
  B. 
  obovatus 
  on 
  citrus 
  trees. 
  

   T. 
  bioculatus 
  attacks 
  chiefly 
  the 
  upper 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  but 
  does 
  

   not 
  prove 
  so 
  injurious 
  in 
  Ceylon 
  as 
  the 
  other 
  mites 
  of 
  tea. 
  Green 
  

   records 
  this 
  mite 
  from 
  Camphor 
  and 
  Grevillea, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  has 
  

   seen 
  it 
  on 
  Eugenia 
  jambos. 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  recently 
  found 
  on 
  Citrus 
  

   in 
  Ceylon, 
  the 
  Citrus 
  Red 
  Spider 
  {T. 
  mytilaspidis, 
  Riley) 
  of 
  California. 
  

   It 
  was 
  first 
  described 
  from 
  orange 
  in 
  Florida 
  in 
  1885, 
  and 
  is 
  capable 
  

   of 
  doing 
  considerable 
  injury. 
  

  

  Hewitt 
  (C. 
  G.). 
  The 
  Protection 
  of 
  Birds 
  in 
  and 
  around 
  Ottawa. 
  — 
  

  

  Ottawa 
  Naturalist, 
  Ottawa, 
  xxvii, 
  no. 
  12, 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  161-171, 
  

   2 
  figs. 
  

  

  After 
  drawing 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  enormous 
  amount 
  of 
  damage 
  done 
  

   to 
  crops, 
  etc., 
  by 
  insects, 
  the 
  author 
  gives 
  some 
  account 
  of 
  way 
  in 
  which 
  

   birds 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  controlHng 
  factor 
  and 
  adduces 
  figures 
  to 
  show 
  

   that 
  the 
  work 
  they 
  may 
  do, 
  in 
  destroying 
  insects, 
  is 
  very 
  considerable. 
  

   Insects 
  constitute 
  65 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  yearly 
  food 
  of 
  woodpeckers, 
  

   96 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  that 
  of 
  fly-catchers, 
  and 
  95 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  that 
  of 
  wrens. 
  

   Upwards 
  of 
  5,d00 
  insects 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  stomach 
  of 
  a 
  single 
  

   bird. 
  The 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  birds 
  is 
  increased 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that, 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  

   when 
  insects 
  are 
  most 
  abundant, 
  birds 
  are 
  most 
  active 
  and 
  require 
  

   more 
  food, 
  especially 
  animal 
  food, 
  to 
  feed 
  their 
  young 
  ; 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  tits 
  

   and 
  their 
  young 
  will 
  consume 
  about 
  170 
  pounds 
  of 
  insects 
  during 
  a 
  

   year. 
  

  

  