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  parasites. 
  Riley 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  North 
  American 
  P. 
  cresphontes,. 
  

   which 
  has 
  the 
  same 
  habits, 
  is 
  avoided 
  by 
  nearly 
  all 
  birds. 
  In 
  India 
  

   and 
  Arabia, 
  P, 
  demoleus, 
  L., 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  place 
  of 
  P. 
  demodocKS, 
  Esp. 
  

   In 
  China 
  and 
  Japan 
  the 
  citrus-injuring 
  Papiiios 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  

   P. 
  xuthus, 
  L., 
  and 
  P. 
  demetrius, 
  Cram., 
  and 
  in 
  Australia 
  by 
  P. 
  aegus. 
  

   In 
  the 
  Malay 
  Archipelago 
  P. 
  memnon, 
  L., 
  is 
  the 
  species 
  which 
  attacks 
  

   citrus 
  plants. 
  P. 
  jpolytes, 
  L. 
  (^panunon, 
  L.), 
  which 
  is 
  smaller 
  than 
  

   P. 
  memnon, 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  British 
  India 
  and 
  the 
  Sunda 
  Islands. 
  In 
  

   Florida 
  and 
  Cuba, 
  orange 
  and 
  other 
  citrus-trees 
  are 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  

   caterpillars 
  of 
  P. 
  andraemon, 
  Hb., 
  and 
  P. 
  ihoas, 
  L. 
  The 
  injury 
  done 
  

   to 
  citrus 
  plants 
  by 
  Papilio 
  caterpillars 
  may 
  amount 
  to 
  complete 
  

   defoliation, 
  with 
  resultant 
  loss 
  of 
  the 
  crop. 
  The 
  collection 
  by 
  hand 
  

   of 
  caterpillars 
  and 
  pupae 
  is 
  advisable, 
  but 
  if 
  the 
  trees 
  be 
  too 
  big 
  or 
  

   the 
  plantation 
  too 
  extended, 
  spraying 
  may, 
  exceptionally, 
  become 
  

   necessary. 
  A 
  solution 
  of 
  Jib. 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  in 
  50 
  gals, 
  water 
  should 
  be 
  

   used, 
  and 
  care 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  to 
  stir 
  the 
  spray 
  solution 
  to 
  prevent 
  

   the 
  poison 
  from 
  settling. 
  

  

  Vassiliew 
  (I. 
  v.). 
  BpeflMTejiM 
  xnonMaiHHKa 
  btj 
  OepraHt 
  no 
  Ha6jiH)- 
  

   fleHiflM'b 
  1913 
  rofla. 
  [Pests 
  of 
  cotton 
  in 
  Fergana, 
  according 
  to 
  

   observations 
  made 
  in 
  1913.] 
  — 
  Tpyflbl 
  Biopo 
  no 
  3HT0M0J10riM 
  

  

  yneHaro 
  KoMMTeia 
  fnae. 
  Ynpae. 
  3. 
  \^ 
  Z,~\Memoirs 
  of 
  the 
  

   Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  of 
  the 
  Scientific 
  Committee 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  

   Board 
  of 
  Land 
  Adminstration 
  and 
  Agriculture,] 
  St. 
  Petersburg^ 
  x, 
  

   no. 
  10, 
  1914, 
  23 
  pp., 
  13 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  pests 
  of 
  cotton 
  in 
  Russian 
  Central 
  Asia 
  and 
  in 
  Transcaspia 
  are 
  

   still 
  little 
  known, 
  notwithstanding 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  cultivation 
  of 
  

   cotton 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  is 
  increasing 
  from 
  year 
  to 
  year. 
  The 
  author 
  \ 
  /as 
  

   sent 
  by 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  Board 
  of 
  Lan^d 
  

   Administration 
  and 
  Agriculture 
  to 
  study 
  these 
  pests 
  and 
  here 
  gives 
  

   the 
  results 
  of 
  his 
  observations 
  in 
  1913 
  in 
  Fergana, 
  which 
  province 
  is 
  

   the 
  principal 
  cotton-growing 
  district 
  of 
  Russian 
  Turkestan. 
  The 
  

   following 
  pests 
  were 
  observed 
  : 
  Thrips 
  flavus, 
  Schr., 
  is 
  injurious 
  to 
  

   cotton 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  adult 
  and 
  larval 
  stages 
  and 
  w^as 
  found 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  April, 
  when 
  the 
  insects 
  attack 
  the 
  first 
  pair 
  of 
  leaves, 
  

   causing 
  smooth, 
  shining, 
  light 
  spots 
  of 
  irregular 
  form 
  ; 
  such 
  injuries 
  

   are 
  not 
  as 
  a 
  rule 
  fatal. 
  When 
  the 
  first 
  true 
  leaves 
  appear, 
  the 
  insects 
  

   attack 
  them, 
  chiefly 
  at 
  their 
  base 
  or 
  near 
  the 
  main 
  veins. 
  This 
  may 
  

   cause 
  the 
  leaves 
  to 
  fall 
  off, 
  but, 
  in 
  some 
  cases, 
  the 
  damage 
  leads 
  only 
  

   to 
  deformation. 
  The 
  insects 
  then 
  move 
  to 
  the 
  more 
  developed 
  leaves, 
  

   and 
  several 
  individuals 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  each 
  leaf, 
  mostly 
  

   at 
  the 
  point 
  where 
  the 
  main 
  veins 
  separate 
  ; 
  the 
  tissue 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  on 
  

   these 
  spots 
  turns 
  brown 
  and 
  withers. 
  With 
  good 
  cultivation 
  the 
  effects 
  

   of 
  the 
  damage 
  are 
  less 
  noticeable. 
  T. 
  flavus 
  is 
  widespread 
  in 
  Fergana, 
  

   and 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  June, 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  injured 
  plants 
  on 
  the 
  

   fields 
  of 
  the 
  Agricultural 
  Station 
  in 
  the 
  Starvation 
  Desert 
  was 
  40-50 
  

   per 
  cent. 
  Sometimes 
  these 
  insects 
  occupy 
  leaves 
  on 
  which 
  are 
  colonies 
  

   of 
  Tetranychus 
  telarius, 
  and 
  these 
  mites 
  are 
  evidently 
  destroyed 
  by 
  

   the 
  Thrips, 
  which 
  establish 
  themselves 
  underneath 
  the 
  webs 
  formed 
  

   by 
  the 
  mites. 
  T, 
  flavus 
  \vas 
  also 
  found 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  on 
  Atriplex 
  and 
  . 
  

   on 
  plums. 
  A 
  solution 
  of 
  green 
  soap 
  was 
  used 
  as 
  an 
  insecticide 
  against 
  

   tho 
  Thrips, 
  about 
  | 
  lb. 
  of 
  soap 
  being 
  dissolved 
  in 
  about 
  2*7 
  gallons 
  of 
  

  

  