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  of 
  the 
  fallow 
  fields 
  of 
  peasants 
  of 
  a 
  village 
  in 
  the 
  Tzarskoselsky 
  district 
  

   of 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  St. 
  Petersburg. 
  The 
  plot 
  selected 
  for 
  experiment 
  

   extended 
  across 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  fallow 
  fields, 
  with 
  a 
  boundary 
  strip 
  

   on 
  each 
  side. 
  The 
  plot 
  was 
  divided 
  into 
  six 
  parallel 
  sections 
  of 
  various 
  

   sizes, 
  out 
  of 
  which 
  three, 
  the 
  two 
  border 
  sections 
  ajid 
  one 
  in 
  the 
  middle, 
  

   were 
  turned 
  into 
  " 
  occupied 
  fallow 
  " 
  ; 
  two, 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  

   " 
  occupied 
  fallow 
  " 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  middle, 
  were 
  kept 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  " 
  black 
  

   fallow," 
  i.e. 
  repeatedly 
  harrowed 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  ; 
  while 
  the 
  sixth 
  

   part 
  was 
  allowed 
  to 
  grow 
  over 
  with 
  weeds, 
  i.e. 
  kept 
  as 
  " 
  peasant 
  

   fallow 
  " 
  or 
  " 
  green 
  fallow." 
  Some 
  of 
  these 
  sections 
  were 
  divided 
  from 
  

   each 
  other 
  by 
  boundary 
  strips 
  of 
  over 
  a 
  foot 
  wide, 
  others 
  had 
  no 
  

   boundaries 
  ; 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  the 
  roads 
  passing 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  plot 
  

   were 
  overgrown 
  with 
  abundance 
  of 
  weeds. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  records 
  chronologically 
  all 
  the 
  work 
  undertaken 
  on 
  the 
  

   fields, 
  giving 
  the 
  dates 
  when 
  the 
  sowing, 
  harrowing, 
  etc., 
  was 
  done 
  on 
  

   the 
  individual 
  sections. 
  Two 
  of 
  the 
  occupied 
  fallow 
  parts 
  were 
  respec- 
  

   tively 
  sown 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  June 
  with 
  vetches 
  and 
  oats, 
  and 
  with 
  

   vetches 
  and 
  peas 
  ; 
  the 
  third 
  " 
  occupied 
  fallow 
  " 
  was 
  sown 
  with 
  

   " 
  Ivanovsky 
  rye." 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  that 
  month 
  the 
  " 
  peasant 
  fallow 
  " 
  

   was 
  overgrown 
  with 
  Rhinanthus 
  cristagalli, 
  Polygonum 
  convolvulus, 
  

   Cirsiiim 
  arvense, 
  Atriplex 
  patula, 
  Sonchus 
  arvensis, 
  Pedicularis 
  palustris, 
  

   Euphrasia 
  officinalis, 
  Fumaria 
  officinalis 
  and 
  other 
  weeds. 
  

  

  The 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  perfect 
  insects 
  began 
  after 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  July 
  and, 
  

   in 
  order 
  to 
  attract 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  experimental 
  plots, 
  some 
  troughs 
  with 
  

   molasses 
  were 
  put 
  on 
  the 
  " 
  occupied 
  and 
  peasant 
  fallow." 
  When 
  

   the 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  imagines 
  was 
  at 
  its 
  maximum 
  (from 
  the 
  10th 
  to 
  

   the 
  23rd 
  July), 
  the 
  troughs 
  were 
  covered 
  with 
  gauze 
  to 
  serve 
  only 
  as 
  

   attraction 
  for 
  the 
  moths, 
  but 
  not 
  to 
  catch 
  them, 
  as 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  desired 
  

   to 
  prevent 
  oviposition. 
  During 
  the 
  time 
  that 
  the 
  moths 
  were 
  on 
  the 
  

   wing, 
  the 
  author 
  and 
  his 
  assistant 
  carefully 
  searched 
  the 
  crops 
  on 
  the 
  

   " 
  occupied 
  fallow 
  " 
  parts, 
  but 
  no 
  eggs 
  were 
  found 
  even 
  on 
  the 
  weeds 
  ; 
  

   the 
  eggs 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  pests 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  vetches 
  on 
  these 
  sections, 
  

   mostly 
  those 
  of 
  Barathra 
  (Mamestra) 
  brassicae, 
  but 
  none 
  of 
  E. 
  segetum 
  

   or 
  of 
  F. 
  exclamationis. 
  Examination 
  of 
  " 
  occupied 
  fallow 
  fields 
  " 
  in 
  

   some 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  yielded 
  the 
  same 
  negative 
  result. 
  

   Thus 
  it 
  is 
  undoubtedly 
  established 
  that 
  " 
  occupied 
  fallow 
  fields 
  " 
  

   sown 
  either 
  with 
  vetches, 
  or 
  with 
  vetches 
  mixed 
  with 
  other 
  crops, 
  

   prevent 
  the 
  moths 
  from 
  ovipositing 
  and 
  consequently 
  check 
  their 
  

   multiplication. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  July, 
  the 
  vetches 
  were 
  mown 
  and 
  

   removed 
  from 
  the 
  fields 
  and 
  all 
  search 
  for 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  the 
  pest 
  in 
  the 
  

   soil 
  in 
  which 
  these 
  plants 
  had 
  grown, 
  proved 
  useless. 
  Many 
  eggs 
  and 
  

   larvae 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  section 
  grown 
  over 
  with 
  weeds, 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   being 
  deposited 
  not 
  on 
  the 
  weeds, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  straw 
  of 
  the 
  not 
  yet 
  

   rotted 
  dung 
  ; 
  the 
  black 
  fallow 
  parts 
  also 
  exhibited 
  eggs, 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  

   earth 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  straw 
  of 
  the 
  dung 
  ; 
  larvae 
  were 
  also 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   soil, 
  although 
  their 
  numbers 
  were 
  much 
  less 
  than 
  on 
  the 
  " 
  peasant 
  

   fallow." 
  Besides 
  searching 
  the 
  soil, 
  larvae 
  were 
  also 
  collected 
  by 
  

   means 
  of 
  baits 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  result. 
  In 
  August 
  the 
  whole 
  experi- 
  

   mental 
  plot, 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  one 
  section 
  sown 
  with 
  

   "Ivanovsky 
  rye," 
  was 
  reploughed, 
  manured 
  with 
  artificial 
  manure 
  

   and 
  sown 
  with 
  rye. 
  

  

  Two 
  weeks 
  afterwards, 
  when 
  the 
  seedlings 
  appeared, 
  the 
  state 
  of 
  

   the 
  various 
  sections 
  was 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  the 
  crops 
  on 
  the 
  " 
  occupied 
  

  

  