﻿316 
  

  

  fallow 
  " 
  were 
  quite 
  uninjured, 
  except 
  near 
  the 
  roads 
  and 
  boundary 
  

   strips 
  ; 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  " 
  black 
  fallow 
  " 
  (i.e. 
  sections, 
  which 
  were 
  kept 
  in 
  

   that 
  state 
  throughout 
  the 
  summer) 
  showed 
  considerably 
  more 
  injury 
  

   from 
  the 
  larvae 
  ; 
  while 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  the 
  crops 
  on 
  the 
  " 
  peasant 
  

   fallow 
  " 
  section 
  were 
  destroyed, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  expected 
  that 
  before 
  the 
  

   arrival 
  of 
  cold 
  weather, 
  these 
  will 
  be 
  totally 
  ruined. 
  

  

  [Black 
  fallow 
  land 
  means 
  layland 
  left 
  unsown 
  but 
  constantly 
  ploughed, 
  

   in 
  order 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  grass 
  and 
  weeds. 
  

  

  Green 
  (or 
  Peasants) 
  fallow 
  land 
  means 
  layland 
  allowed 
  to 
  grow 
  over 
  

   with 
  weed 
  grasses 
  and 
  used 
  as 
  pasture 
  land 
  in 
  peasant 
  agriculture. 
  

  

  Occupied 
  fallow 
  land 
  means 
  layland 
  sown 
  with 
  some 
  annual 
  plant, 
  

   which 
  either 
  can 
  be 
  mown 
  as 
  grass 
  (vetches 
  with 
  oats, 
  turnips), 
  or 
  can 
  be 
  

   reploughed, 
  the 
  plants 
  serving 
  as 
  "green 
  manure" 
  (vetches, 
  buckwheat, 
  

   white 
  mustard). 
  — 
  Ed.] 
  

  

  Zacher 
  (F.). 
  Die 
  wichtigsten 
  Krankheiten 
  und 
  Schadlinge 
  der 
  tro- 
  

   pischen 
  Kulturpflanzen 
  und 
  ihre 
  Bekampfung. 
  [The 
  more 
  impor- 
  

   tant 
  diseases 
  and 
  pests 
  of 
  tropical 
  plants 
  and 
  methods 
  of 
  control.] 
  

   Part 
  I. 
  — 
  Deutsche 
  Tropen-Bibliothek, 
  Hamburg, 
  x, 
  1914, 
  152 
  pages, 
  

   58 
  figs. 
  

  

  This 
  volume 
  is 
  intended 
  to 
  serve 
  as 
  a 
  handbook 
  to 
  those 
  interested 
  

   in 
  the 
  cultivation 
  of 
  plants 
  and 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  tropics 
  and 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  

   two 
  parts, 
  the 
  first 
  dealing 
  with 
  diseases 
  of 
  cultivated 
  tropical 
  plants 
  

   in 
  general, 
  and 
  the 
  second 
  with 
  those 
  which 
  attack 
  plants 
  of 
  special 
  

   economic 
  importance. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  part 
  parasites, 
  insects 
  and 
  fungi 
  

   are 
  dealt 
  with, 
  predisposition 
  and 
  immunity 
  to 
  disease 
  discussed, 
  

   and 
  methods 
  of 
  treatment, 
  insecticides, 
  etc., 
  are 
  given. 
  The 
  second 
  

   more 
  specialised 
  part 
  treats 
  in 
  detail 
  of 
  plants 
  of 
  special 
  economic 
  

   importance, 
  namely, 
  cotton, 
  cacao, 
  coffee 
  and 
  tea. 
  

  

  SiLVESTRi 
  (F.). 
  Viaggio 
  in 
  Africa 
  per 
  cercare 
  parassiti 
  di 
  mosche 
  

   dei 
  frutti. 
  [Report 
  on 
  an 
  expedition 
  to 
  Africa 
  in 
  search 
  

   of 
  parasites 
  of 
  the 
  Fruit 
  Fly.] 
  — 
  Boll. 
  Lab. 
  Zool. 
  Agrar. 
  R. 
  Scuola 
  

   Sup. 
  Agric. 
  Portici, 
  viii, 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  1-164, 
  69 
  figs. 
  

  

  In 
  1912, 
  at 
  the 
  request 
  of 
  the 
  Board 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  and 
  Forestiy 
  of 
  

   Hawaii, 
  the 
  author 
  imdertook 
  an 
  expedition 
  to 
  search 
  for 
  parasites 
  

   of 
  the 
  Fruit 
  fly, 
  Ceratitis 
  capitata, 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  introduced 
  in 
  1910 
  

   into 
  Honolulu 
  and 
  was 
  threatening 
  to 
  become 
  a 
  serious 
  pest. 
  The 
  

   climatic 
  and 
  other 
  conditions 
  of 
  the 
  Hawaiian 
  Islands 
  were 
  favourable 
  

   to 
  the 
  development 
  and 
  propagation 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  and 
  mechanical 
  and 
  

   chemical 
  means 
  of 
  control 
  had 
  proved 
  useless. 
  It 
  was 
  therefore 
  

   resolved 
  to 
  organise 
  an 
  expedition 
  to 
  discover 
  its 
  natural 
  enemies 
  and 
  

   to 
  introduce 
  them 
  into 
  the 
  infected 
  areas. 
  The 
  author 
  started 
  in 
  

   July 
  1912 
  for 
  West 
  Africa. 
  It 
  was 
  resolved 
  firstly 
  to 
  ascertain 
  whether 
  

   C. 
  capitata 
  existed 
  in 
  that 
  country, 
  south 
  of 
  Senegal, 
  and, 
  if 
  so, 
  whether 
  

   it 
  was 
  attacked 
  by 
  special 
  enemies 
  which 
  might 
  be 
  worth 
  introducing 
  

   into 
  Hawaii 
  ; 
  and 
  secondly, 
  in 
  the 
  event 
  of 
  C. 
  capitata 
  not 
  being 
  found, 
  

   whether 
  other 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  genus 
  or 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Dacus 
  were 
  

   available, 
  the 
  parasites 
  of 
  which 
  might 
  be 
  suitable 
  for 
  experiment. 
  

   The 
  Canary 
  Islands, 
  Senegal, 
  French 
  Guinea, 
  S. 
  Nigeria, 
  the 
  Gold 
  

   Coast, 
  Dahomev, 
  the 
  Congo, 
  Angola 
  and 
  South 
  Africa 
  were 
  visited. 
  

  

  