﻿322 
  

  

  the 
  date 
  worm 
  and 
  is 
  widely 
  distributed 
  in 
  Egypt. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  

   that 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  as 
  effective 
  in 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  Egyptian 
  insects 
  as 
  

   R. 
  lefroyi 
  has 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  in 
  India, 
  and, 
  of 
  course, 
  requires 
  no 
  acchm- 
  

   atisation. 
  This 
  insect 
  deposits 
  its 
  eggs 
  in 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  host, 
  

   whence 
  its 
  larvae 
  emerge, 
  pupating 
  outside 
  in 
  small, 
  ovoid, 
  silken 
  

   cocoons, 
  generally 
  found 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  dead 
  larva 
  of 
  the 
  host. 
  

   Rhogas 
  l^royi 
  has 
  been 
  frequently 
  mentioned 
  in 
  reports 
  on 
  EariaSj 
  

   both 
  in 
  India 
  and 
  Egypt, 
  but 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  described. 
  Specimens 
  

   introduced 
  into 
  Egypt 
  were 
  not 
  successfully 
  estabhshed 
  and 
  the 
  

   discovery 
  of 
  R. 
  kitcheneri 
  now 
  renders 
  its 
  accUmatisation 
  unnecessary* 
  

  

  Melander 
  (A. 
  L.). 
  Winter 
  Sprays 
  : 
  Sulphur-lime 
  Wash 
  and 
  Crude 
  

   Oil 
  Emulsions. 
  — 
  Washington 
  Agric. 
  Expt. 
  Sta., 
  Pullman, 
  Popular 
  

   Bull. 
  no. 
  64, 
  Feb. 
  1914, 
  8 
  pp. 
  

  

  What 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  1 
  : 
  J 
  : 
  J 
  formula 
  for 
  sulphur-lime 
  contains 
  : 
  

   Sulphur 
  (flowers, 
  or 
  ground 
  sulphur) 
  1 
  lb., 
  good 
  stone 
  hme 
  J 
  lb., 
  water 
  

   J 
  gallon. 
  This 
  may 
  easily 
  be 
  remembered 
  and 
  adapted 
  to 
  any 
  size 
  of 
  

   cooking 
  vessel. 
  This 
  should 
  read 
  about 
  28° 
  Beaume, 
  corresponding 
  

   with 
  1*2357 
  specific 
  gravity. 
  Experiments 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  a 
  solution 
  

   containing 
  1 
  lb. 
  sulphur 
  and 
  J 
  lb. 
  hme 
  to 
  5 
  gals, 
  of 
  water 
  is 
  sufficiently 
  

   strong 
  for 
  spraying 
  dormant 
  orchards. 
  Such 
  a 
  solution 
  has 
  a 
  specific 
  

   gravity 
  of 
  1*02. 
  Sulphur-lime 
  of 
  any 
  strength 
  may 
  be 
  reduced 
  to 
  the 
  

   1 
  : 
  J 
  : 
  J 
  formula 
  by 
  the 
  following 
  calculation 
  : 
  — 
  the 
  decimal 
  of 
  the 
  

   specific 
  gravity 
  of 
  the 
  concentrate, 
  divided 
  by 
  the 
  decimal 
  of 
  the 
  

   dilute, 
  gives 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  volumes 
  of 
  diluted 
  spray 
  obtainable 
  from 
  

   one 
  volume 
  of 
  the 
  concentrate. 
  For 
  instance, 
  '2357, 
  the 
  decimal 
  

   corresponding 
  to 
  1 
  : 
  | 
  : 
  J 
  sulphur-Kme, 
  divided 
  by 
  '02, 
  the 
  decimal 
  of 
  

   1 
  : 
  J 
  : 
  5, 
  gives 
  approximately 
  eleven. 
  One 
  volume 
  of 
  the 
  1 
  : 
  J 
  : 
  | 
  

   strength 
  will 
  therefore 
  dilute 
  to 
  eleven 
  volumes 
  of 
  ready-to-use 
  solution. 
  

   If 
  a 
  factory-made 
  suIphur-Hme, 
  testing, 
  say, 
  34° 
  Beaume, 
  or 
  1'3015 
  

   specific 
  gravity, 
  is 
  used, 
  its 
  decimal 
  '3015, 
  divided 
  by 
  '02 
  would 
  indicate 
  

   fiiteen 
  volumes 
  of 
  spray 
  solution. 
  The 
  hydrometer 
  is 
  thus 
  a 
  valuable 
  

   instrument 
  to 
  the 
  fruit-grower. 
  The 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  Hquid 
  to 
  be 
  

   tested 
  should 
  be 
  about 
  65° 
  F. 
  Crude 
  oil 
  emulsions 
  are 
  coming 
  into 
  

   favour, 
  one 
  point 
  being 
  the 
  greater 
  ease 
  with 
  which 
  an 
  oil 
  spray 
  spreads 
  

   and 
  penetrates, 
  thus 
  insuring 
  a 
  more 
  thorough 
  application 
  than 
  with 
  

   the 
  watery 
  solution 
  of 
  sulphur-Hme. 
  The 
  author 
  gives 
  the 
  following 
  

   formula 
  : 
  Soda 
  3 
  lb., 
  hot 
  water 
  10 
  gals., 
  fish-oil 
  soap 
  20 
  lb. 
  (these 
  form 
  

   the 
  emulsifier), 
  crude 
  oil 
  20 
  gals., 
  and 
  water 
  to 
  make 
  up 
  200 
  gals. 
  

   The 
  soda 
  should 
  be 
  dissolved 
  first 
  in 
  the 
  hot 
  water 
  followed 
  by 
  the 
  

   fish-oil 
  soap. 
  This 
  emulsifier 
  is 
  then 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  spray 
  tank 
  contain- 
  

   ing 
  167 
  gals, 
  of 
  water, 
  and 
  the 
  agitator 
  is 
  run 
  at 
  full 
  speed. 
  The 
  oil 
  

   is 
  then 
  slowly 
  poured 
  in 
  while 
  the 
  agitator 
  churns 
  the 
  mixture 
  into 
  

   a 
  coffee-and-milk-coloured 
  Hquid 
  which 
  contains 
  10 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  crude 
  

   oil. 
  After 
  the 
  emulsion 
  is 
  made, 
  nothing 
  else, 
  not 
  even 
  water, 
  should 
  

   be 
  added, 
  or 
  the 
  oil 
  might 
  separate. 
  This 
  California 
  formula 
  is 
  based 
  

   on 
  a 
  200-gallon 
  tank 
  equipped 
  with 
  screw-propeller 
  agitator 
  and 
  

   gasoline 
  engine 
  pump. 
  In 
  applying 
  winter 
  sprays 
  it 
  is 
  important 
  to 
  

   cover 
  every 
  side 
  of 
  every 
  branch. 
  While 
  most 
  pests 
  occur 
  on 
  the 
  

   surface 
  some 
  few 
  individuals 
  hide 
  behind 
  the 
  buds, 
  in 
  the 
  cracks 
  of 
  

   the 
  bark 
  or 
  at 
  the 
  tips 
  of 
  the 
  branches. 
  These 
  neglected 
  individuals 
  

   are 
  the 
  ones 
  that 
  tide 
  the 
  species 
  over 
  the 
  winter 
  and 
  make 
  spraying 
  

   again 
  necessary 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  year. 
  

  

  