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  here, 
  provide 
  a 
  sure 
  means 
  of 
  combating 
  Hylohins 
  abietis. 
  They 
  

   have 
  been 
  subjected 
  to 
  tests 
  extending 
  over 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  years 
  and 
  

   have 
  given 
  excellent 
  results, 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  mountains 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  low- 
  

   lands. 
  In 
  the 
  numerous 
  trap 
  inspections 
  personally 
  carried 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  

   author, 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  natural 
  enemies 
  were 
  found. 
  An 
  important 
  

   point 
  is 
  that 
  depressions 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  must 
  never 
  be 
  used 
  as 
  sites 
  for 
  

   traps. 
  Wherever 
  possible 
  the 
  latter 
  should 
  be 
  placed 
  on 
  high 
  ground. 
  

   They 
  should 
  be 
  constructed 
  as 
  directed, 
  but 
  exaggerated 
  accuracy 
  

   is 
  not 
  necessary. 
  According 
  to 
  the 
  distance 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  branches 
  

   were 
  brought, 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  each 
  trap 
  ranged 
  from 
  about 
  9d. 
  to 
  15d., 
  the 
  

   value 
  of 
  the 
  wood 
  not 
  being 
  included. 
  The 
  cost 
  per 
  acre 
  varies 
  

   according 
  to 
  the 
  control 
  desired, 
  as 
  set 
  forth 
  below. 
  Traps 
  should 
  at 
  

   once 
  be 
  constructed 
  where 
  (1) 
  it 
  is 
  desired 
  to 
  protect 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  a 
  

   plantation 
  ; 
  (2) 
  the 
  areas 
  infested 
  by 
  the 
  beetle 
  are 
  required 
  for 
  

   planting, 
  (3) 
  beetles 
  are 
  unusually 
  numerous 
  on 
  any 
  particular 
  spot. 
  

   Edge 
  protection 
  is 
  nearly 
  always 
  necessary 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  a 
  clearing, 
  

   especially 
  where 
  it 
  borders 
  on 
  young 
  plantations, 
  and 
  it 
  should 
  also 
  be 
  

   carried 
  out 
  where 
  young 
  plantations 
  border 
  on 
  old 
  ones 
  in 
  which 
  much 
  

   timber 
  has 
  been 
  felled. 
  In 
  cases 
  where 
  the 
  timber 
  has 
  been 
  cut 
  down 
  

   in 
  summer, 
  the 
  traps 
  must 
  be 
  constructed 
  immediately. 
  Where 
  

   clearing 
  has 
  been 
  done 
  in 
  winter, 
  they 
  should 
  be 
  prepared 
  about 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  April. 
  In 
  any 
  case 
  they 
  must 
  be 
  ready 
  by 
  the 
  time 
  the 
  

   beetle 
  begins 
  to 
  feed. 
  At 
  first 
  the 
  traps 
  may 
  be 
  placed 
  at 
  intervals 
  of 
  

   about 
  60 
  yards. 
  As 
  it 
  is 
  important 
  that 
  freshly 
  baited 
  traps 
  be 
  con- 
  

   stantly 
  present, 
  new 
  ones 
  may 
  be 
  constructed 
  along 
  the 
  same 
  line 
  later 
  

   on 
  at 
  distances 
  of 
  20 
  yards. 
  For 
  instance, 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  traps 
  60 
  yards 
  

   distant 
  one 
  from 
  another 
  is 
  constructed 
  by 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  April, 
  and 
  

   added 
  to 
  at 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  again 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  July. 
  

   Thus, 
  if 
  the 
  line 
  has 
  10 
  traps 
  at 
  the 
  start 
  there 
  will 
  be 
  30 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  

   the 
  campaign. 
  Early 
  in 
  spring 
  the 
  traps 
  must 
  be 
  dug 
  up 
  and 
  the 
  soil 
  

   spread 
  evenly 
  around 
  the 
  hole. 
  The 
  posts 
  and 
  branches, 
  with 
  the 
  

   beetle 
  brood 
  contained 
  in 
  them, 
  are 
  burned. 
  There 
  need 
  be 
  no 
  fear 
  

   that 
  any 
  natural 
  enemies 
  will 
  be 
  sacrificed, 
  as 
  but 
  very 
  few 
  will 
  still 
  be 
  

   present. 
  If 
  this 
  system 
  of 
  protection 
  is 
  required 
  to 
  be 
  renewed 
  a 
  

   second 
  or 
  third 
  year, 
  the 
  old 
  holes 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  to 
  save 
  expense. 
  Where 
  

   clearings 
  left 
  untouched 
  during 
  one 
  summer 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  replanted, 
  they 
  

   should 
  be 
  studded 
  with 
  traps 
  if 
  beetles 
  are 
  present. 
  Only 
  a 
  few 
  traps 
  

   are 
  required 
  for 
  this 
  purpose, 
  one 
  being 
  sufficient 
  for 
  every 
  2,500 
  square 
  

   yards 
  approximately. 
  These 
  traps 
  should 
  be 
  established 
  immediately 
  

   the 
  replanting 
  is 
  effected 
  and 
  will 
  chiefly 
  serve 
  to 
  catch 
  fresh 
  arrivals. 
  

   To 
  deal 
  with 
  the 
  beetles 
  native 
  to 
  the 
  spot, 
  well-baited 
  traps 
  must 
  

   always 
  be 
  present. 
  To 
  ensure 
  this, 
  two 
  new 
  traps 
  should 
  be 
  con- 
  

   structed 
  near 
  the 
  old 
  ones 
  at 
  fortnightly 
  intervals 
  starting 
  from 
  about 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  July. 
  Thus 
  a 
  clearing 
  which 
  has 
  lain 
  imtouched 
  for 
  a 
  

   year 
  will 
  contain 
  four 
  traps 
  to 
  every 
  2J 
  acres 
  in 
  spring 
  and 
  this 
  number 
  

   will 
  increase 
  to 
  12 
  traps 
  by 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  year. 
  In 
  the 
  following 
  

   spring 
  the 
  traps 
  must 
  be 
  cleaned 
  out 
  and 
  the 
  posts 
  and 
  branches 
  

   burned. 
  Four 
  of 
  the 
  traps 
  must 
  then 
  be 
  re-constructed, 
  and 
  they 
  will 
  

   serve 
  to 
  catch 
  the 
  beetles 
  resulting 
  from 
  eggs 
  laid 
  late 
  in 
  summer 
  two 
  

   years 
  before. 
  It 
  is 
  well 
  to 
  duplicate 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  four 
  traps 
  in 
  July 
  

   or 
  August 
  to 
  catch 
  beetles 
  appearing 
  in 
  those 
  months 
  from 
  eggs 
  laid 
  

   when 
  the 
  replanting 
  was 
  in 
  progress. 
  This 
  second 
  year's 
  batch 
  of 
  

   eight 
  traps 
  must 
  be 
  cleared 
  as 
  usual 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  spring 
  and 
  control 
  

  

  