﻿340 
  

  

  Ballard 
  (E.). 
  Two 
  Pests 
  of 
  Mahogany 
  in 
  Nyasaland. 
  — 
  Bull. 
  Entom. 
  

   Research 
  f 
  London, 
  v, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  61-62. 
  

  

  The 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  two 
  moths, 
  Heteronygmia 
  leucogyna 
  and 
  Mussidia 
  

   albipartalis, 
  attack 
  mahogany 
  trees 
  in 
  Nyasaland, 
  causing 
  a 
  large 
  

   amount 
  of 
  damage 
  every 
  year 
  ; 
  the 
  former 
  eats 
  the 
  leaves 
  to 
  the 
  

   extent 
  of 
  defoliating 
  whole 
  plantations, 
  while 
  the 
  latter 
  bores 
  under 
  

   the 
  bark, 
  causing 
  much 
  deformity 
  of 
  young 
  trees 
  and 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  

   corky 
  excrescences, 
  accompanied 
  by 
  the 
  exudation 
  of 
  resin. 
  The 
  life- 
  

   history 
  of 
  Heteronygmia 
  leucogyna 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  

   batches 
  of 
  150-200, 
  low 
  down 
  on 
  the 
  trunk 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  ; 
  the 
  young 
  

   larvae 
  emerge 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  nine 
  days, 
  and 
  are 
  pale 
  yellow 
  in 
  colour, 
  

   with 
  bunches 
  of 
  fine 
  hairs, 
  and 
  measure 
  3 
  mm. 
  in 
  length 
  ; 
  the 
  fully 
  

   grown 
  larvae 
  may 
  be 
  pale 
  or 
  dark 
  in 
  colour, 
  with 
  dark 
  heads, 
  and 
  are 
  

   Battened 
  ; 
  their 
  length 
  is 
  3 
  cm. 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  formed 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  shght 
  

   cocoon 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  threads, 
  generally 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  side 
  of 
  a 
  

   leaf 
  or 
  on 
  an 
  excrescence 
  on 
  the 
  bark 
  ; 
  the 
  pupal 
  period 
  lasts 
  for 
  ten 
  

   days. 
  Both 
  larvae 
  and 
  eggs 
  of 
  H. 
  leucogyna 
  are 
  heavily 
  parasitised 
  ; 
  

   two 
  species 
  of 
  Chalcididae 
  and 
  one 
  Ichneumon, 
  Ecthromorpha 
  

   variegata, 
  Brulle, 
  have 
  been 
  bred 
  from 
  the 
  larvae 
  ; 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  June 
  

   nearly 
  90 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  eggs 
  collected 
  were 
  parasitised, 
  but 
  those 
  found 
  

   in 
  September 
  and 
  October 
  were 
  unaffected. 
  

  

  The 
  life-history 
  of 
  the 
  bark-borer, 
  Mussidia 
  albipartalis, 
  has 
  not 
  

   been 
  fully 
  worked 
  out 
  ; 
  the 
  eggs, 
  apparently 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  trunk, 
  give 
  

   rise 
  to 
  larvae 
  which 
  at 
  once 
  bore 
  into 
  the 
  bark 
  ; 
  pupation 
  occurs 
  in 
  

   a 
  cocoon 
  of 
  tough 
  white 
  silk 
  under 
  the 
  rough 
  excrescences 
  produced 
  

   by 
  the 
  borings 
  of 
  the 
  larva. 
  The 
  insect 
  is 
  parasitised 
  by 
  an 
  Ichneumon 
  

   and 
  a 
  Chalcid, 
  but 
  not 
  to 
  a 
  sufficient 
  degree 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  important 
  

   check. 
  

  

  BiTZKY 
  (I. 
  G.). 
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  1913 
  

   rOAl)- 
  [Report 
  on 
  the 
  work 
  done 
  at 
  the 
  Baltic 
  Station 
  against 
  

   pests 
  of 
  cultivated 
  plants 
  by 
  the 
  Central 
  Agricultural 
  Society 
  of 
  

   Riga 
  for 
  1913.]— 
  FentZen, 
  1914, 
  28 
  pp. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  the 
  first 
  yearly 
  report 
  of 
  the 
  Baltic 
  Entomological 
  Station 
  

   in 
  Wenden 
  and 
  it 
  gives 
  a 
  short 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  organisation 
  and 
  estab- 
  

   lishment 
  of 
  the 
  Station. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  were 
  the 
  chief 
  insect 
  pests 
  of 
  field 
  crops. 
  Wireworms 
  

   of 
  the 
  genus 
  Agriotes 
  occur 
  over 
  the 
  whole 
  country, 
  damaging 
  mostly 
  

   summer-sown 
  cereals 
  and 
  roots. 
  Apion 
  apricans, 
  Hbst., 
  is 
  so 
  abundant 
  

   that 
  it 
  is 
  nearly 
  impossible 
  to 
  find 
  heads 
  of 
  clover 
  not 
  infested 
  by 
  the 
  

   larvae. 
  Some 
  500 
  insects 
  were 
  reared 
  from 
  the 
  cocoons 
  and 
  also 
  two 
  

   specimens 
  of 
  the 
  Braconid 
  parasite, 
  Eubazus 
  macrocephalus, 
  Nees. 
  

   Apion 
  violaceus, 
  Kirby, 
  was 
  also 
  found 
  on 
  clover, 
  but 
  less 
  frequently. 
  

   Species 
  of 
  Sitones 
  injured 
  seedhng 
  peas 
  and 
  vetches. 
  Species 
  of 
  

   Phyllotreta, 
  in 
  1912, 
  destroyed 
  all 
  the 
  turnips, 
  also 
  injurmg 
  cabbage, 
  

   linseed 
  and 
  beets. 
  Cassida 
  nebulosa, 
  L., 
  is 
  not 
  common, 
  but 
  is 
  very 
  

   injurious 
  in 
  some 
  locahties 
  to 
  beet-roots 
  ; 
  in 
  1912 
  a 
  whole 
  field 
  of 
  beet 
  

   was 
  almost 
  completely 
  devoured 
  by 
  this 
  pest, 
  5-10 
  beetles 
  occupying 
  

   every 
  leaf. 
  

  

  