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  caterpillars 
  of 
  Laverna 
  hellerella, 
  Dup,* 
  and 
  of 
  Recurvaria 
  nanella, 
  Hb., 
  

   have 
  been 
  previously 
  reported 
  to 
  live 
  inside 
  shoots 
  of 
  apple 
  and 
  pear 
  

   trees. 
  

  

  Olethreutinae 
  and 
  Tortricinae. 
  In 
  the 
  spring 
  of 
  1913 
  the 
  leaves 
  

   of 
  apple 
  trees 
  in 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  orchards 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Kiev 
  were 
  

   damaged 
  by 
  various 
  moths 
  of 
  these 
  subfamilies, 
  on 
  some 
  trees 
  all 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  being 
  curled. 
  The 
  following 
  species 
  were 
  studied 
  : 
  — 
  

   Tmetocera 
  ocellana, 
  F., 
  Olethreutis 
  variegana, 
  Hb., 
  Pandemis 
  ribeana, 
  

   Hb., 
  var. 
  cemsana, 
  Hb., 
  and 
  P. 
  heparana, 
  Schif?. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  

   T. 
  ocellana 
  pupated 
  on 
  the 
  25th-28th 
  May. 
  Before 
  pupating 
  the 
  

   caterpillars 
  emerged 
  from 
  the 
  curled 
  leaves, 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  lived, 
  and 
  

   wove 
  a 
  white 
  cocoon 
  beneath 
  the 
  turned 
  end 
  of 
  a 
  fresh 
  leaf 
  ; 
  some 
  

   pupated 
  even 
  on 
  the 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  box, 
  or 
  underneath 
  the 
  gauze 
  covering 
  

   it. 
  Cocoons 
  of 
  these 
  insects 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  on 
  the 
  19th 
  May. 
  

   In 
  the 
  laboratory 
  the 
  moths 
  emerged 
  on 
  the 
  11th 
  and 
  12th 
  June. 
  The 
  

   caterpillars 
  of 
  Olethreutis 
  variegana 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  19th 
  May, 
  

   pupating 
  on 
  the 
  24th 
  and 
  25th 
  of 
  that 
  month 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  leaves 
  which 
  

   they 
  had 
  inhabited 
  ; 
  the 
  moths 
  issued 
  on 
  30th 
  and 
  31st 
  May. 
  The 
  

   caterpillars 
  of 
  Pandemis 
  ribeana 
  var. 
  cerasana 
  and 
  of 
  P. 
  heparana 
  

   pupated 
  between 
  the 
  23rd 
  and 
  28th 
  May, 
  between 
  two 
  fresh 
  leaves 
  

   drawn 
  together 
  ; 
  the 
  moths 
  emerged 
  on 
  the 
  1st 
  and 
  5th 
  June. 
  In 
  the 
  

   open 
  the 
  cocoons 
  of 
  these 
  insects 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  19th 
  May 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  

   same 
  day 
  a 
  caterpillar 
  was 
  found 
  with 
  an 
  egg 
  of 
  a 
  Tachinid 
  situated 
  

   on 
  the 
  first 
  segment 
  of 
  its 
  thorax, 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  side 
  ; 
  this 
  caterpillar 
  

   pupated 
  two 
  days 
  later 
  and 
  the 
  fly 
  issued 
  in 
  12 
  days. 
  

  

  An 
  attempt 
  was 
  made 
  to 
  trap 
  Euxoa 
  (Agrotis) 
  segetum 
  in 
  troughs 
  of 
  

   molasses, 
  which 
  were 
  placed 
  on 
  fallow 
  land 
  and 
  in 
  beet 
  fields 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  

   of 
  four 
  to 
  the 
  acre, 
  but 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  caught 
  only 
  2 
  per 
  cent, 
  belonged 
  

   to 
  this 
  species. 
  Some 
  digging 
  conducted 
  in 
  August 
  on 
  one 
  estate, 
  

   where 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  E. 
  segetum 
  were 
  injurious 
  during 
  the 
  spring, 
  

   resulted 
  in 
  the 
  finding 
  only 
  of 
  two 
  pupae, 
  both 
  of 
  which 
  were 
  para- 
  

   sitised 
  by 
  Ambliteles 
  vadatorius, 
  111. 
  Only 
  a 
  few 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  

   generation 
  appeared 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  parasitised 
  larvae. 
  

   The 
  first 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  3rd 
  September. 
  

  

  Byturus 
  tomentosus, 
  F., 
  is 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  of 
  raspberries 
  ; 
  this 
  beetle 
  

   hibernates 
  in 
  Western 
  Europe 
  in 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage, 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  govern- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  Moscow 
  and 
  Kiev 
  it 
  winters 
  as 
  an 
  imago. 
  

  

  Psylliodes 
  picina, 
  Marsh., 
  did 
  great 
  damage 
  in 
  spring 
  to 
  summer 
  

   and 
  winter-sown 
  cereals 
  on 
  one 
  estate 
  ; 
  and 
  were 
  also 
  found 
  in 
  August 
  

   on 
  trap 
  crops 
  of 
  barley. 
  At 
  night 
  and 
  in 
  cloudy 
  weather 
  the 
  beetles 
  

   remained 
  in 
  the 
  earth, 
  but 
  in 
  fine 
  weather, 
  in 
  the 
  day 
  time, 
  they 
  fed 
  

   on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  grain. 
  Between 
  the 
  31st 
  August 
  and 
  6th 
  Septem- 
  

   ber 
  copulating 
  pairs 
  were 
  noticed. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  October 
  the 
  

   beetles 
  buried 
  themselves 
  in 
  the 
  earth 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  about 
  an 
  inch. 
  

   This 
  is 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  that 
  this 
  insect 
  has 
  been 
  recorded 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  grain. 
  

  

  Mayetiola 
  (Cecidomyia) 
  destructor, 
  Say, 
  was 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  28th 
  June 
  

   in 
  a 
  wheat 
  field 
  on 
  one 
  estate 
  in 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage, 
  10 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  

   plants 
  being 
  attacked. 
  On 
  the 
  1st 
  September 
  small 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  were 
  discovered 
  there 
  in 
  seedlings 
  of 
  volunteer 
  wheat. 
  

  

  *[Mr. 
  J. 
  H. 
  DuRRANT 
  suggests 
  that 
  the 
  species 
  intended 
  is 
  probably 
  

   Laverna 
  atra, 
  Hw., 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  which 
  live 
  in 
  apple 
  shoots 
  in 
  spring; 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  of 
  L. 
  hellerella, 
  on 
  the 
  contrary, 
  feed 
  in 
  hawthorn 
  berries 
  in 
  autumn. 
  

   —Ed.] 
  

  

  