﻿347 
  

  

  larval 
  and 
  adult 
  stages. 
  In 
  the 
  southern 
  States, 
  such 
  as 
  Cahfoniia, 
  

   it 
  lives 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  and 
  seriously 
  damages 
  citrus 
  plantations, 
  while 
  

   in 
  colder 
  regions, 
  fruit 
  and 
  ornamental 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  greenhouse 
  are 
  

   subject 
  to 
  its 
  attack. 
  The 
  rose 
  and 
  geranium 
  suffer 
  severely 
  and 
  its 
  

   other 
  hosts 
  include 
  a 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  garden 
  plants, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  almond 
  

   and 
  peach 
  trees. 
  Amongst 
  species 
  of 
  Citrus 
  it 
  specially 
  attacks 
  C, 
  

   limonum 
  and 
  to 
  a 
  less 
  degree 
  C. 
  aurantium 
  and 
  C. 
  bergamina, 
  while 
  

   C. 
  vulgaris 
  and 
  C. 
  deliciosa 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  touched. 
  In 
  1913, 
  trees 
  

   growing 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  were 
  attacked, 
  though 
  at 
  Leghorn 
  during 
  recent 
  

   years, 
  citrus 
  trees 
  in 
  pots, 
  but 
  not 
  those 
  in 
  the 
  open, 
  have 
  been 
  infested. 
  

   Both 
  the 
  small 
  and 
  the 
  larger 
  roots 
  are 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  larva 
  and 
  

   the 
  author 
  has 
  observed 
  fungus 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  injured 
  

   roots. 
  The 
  plants 
  look 
  sickly, 
  lose 
  their 
  leaves 
  and 
  finally 
  wither. 
  

   The 
  imago 
  feeds 
  on 
  the 
  young 
  buds 
  and 
  the 
  mature 
  leaves, 
  which 
  may 
  

   be 
  skeletonised 
  in 
  severe 
  cases. 
  Pantomorus 
  further 
  damages 
  the 
  

   young 
  fruit 
  by 
  boring 
  them 
  at 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  attachment, 
  thus 
  causing 
  

   them 
  to 
  wither. 
  In 
  Italy 
  the 
  beetles 
  first 
  appear 
  towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  

   June, 
  and 
  being 
  mostly 
  nocturnal 
  in 
  habit, 
  remain 
  on 
  the 
  plant 
  during 
  

   the 
  day. 
  Oviposition 
  takes 
  place 
  from 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  August 
  right 
  

   through 
  September. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  masses 
  of 
  30 
  to 
  60. 
  The 
  

   larva, 
  which 
  hatches 
  out 
  in 
  from 
  21 
  days 
  to 
  a 
  month, 
  at 
  once 
  burrows 
  

   into 
  the 
  soil 
  and 
  attacks 
  the 
  yoimg 
  roots 
  which 
  are 
  nearest 
  the 
  surface. 
  

   In 
  Italy 
  the 
  larval 
  stage 
  lasts 
  until 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  following 
  spring, 
  and 
  

   the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  from 
  20 
  to 
  30 
  days. 
  P. 
  fulleri 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   first 
  observed 
  in 
  Italy 
  in 
  1898, 
  when 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  Liguria, 
  whence 
  it 
  

   is 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  imported 
  to 
  Leghorn 
  in 
  1908. 
  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  

   extensive 
  culture 
  of 
  Citrus 
  in 
  Sicily, 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  hoped 
  that 
  its 
  present 
  

   circumscribed 
  range 
  may 
  be 
  maintained. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  the 
  natural 
  enemies 
  of 
  P. 
  fulleri 
  are 
  little 
  

   known, 
  but 
  artificial 
  methods 
  of 
  control, 
  such 
  as 
  injections 
  of 
  carbon 
  

   bisulphide, 
  kerosene 
  emulsion 
  or 
  tobacco 
  extract, 
  are 
  stated 
  to 
  give 
  

   good 
  results. 
  As 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  in 
  Leghorn 
  is 
  very 
  slight, 
  the 
  author 
  

   has 
  not 
  tried 
  any 
  of 
  these 
  remedies 
  and 
  has 
  simply 
  advised 
  immersion 
  

   of 
  the 
  plants 
  in 
  w^ater 
  for 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  days, 
  w^hich 
  method 
  has 
  proved 
  

   effective. 
  Like 
  most 
  other 
  Curcuhonids 
  P. 
  fulleri 
  drops 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  

   when 
  touched, 
  and 
  by 
  spreading 
  a 
  white 
  sheet 
  beneath 
  the 
  plant 
  

   infested, 
  the 
  weevils 
  are 
  easily 
  shaken 
  off 
  and 
  collected. 
  Subsequent 
  

   banding 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  at 
  a 
  little 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  ground 
  will 
  prevent 
  

   a 
  further 
  infestation. 
  

  

  Cecconi 
  (G.). 
  La 
  Grapholitha 
  leplastriana, 
  Curtis, 
  dannosa 
  ai 
  cavoli 
  

   coltivati. 
  [Cydia 
  leplastriana, 
  Curtis, 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  cauliflowers.] 
  — 
  ■ 
  

   Boll. 
  Lab. 
  Zool. 
  Agrar. 
  R. 
  Scuola 
  Sup. 
  Agric, 
  Portici, 
  vii, 
  1913, 
  

   pp. 
  125-148, 
  1 
  pi. 
  

  

  Up 
  to 
  now 
  the 
  caterpillar 
  of 
  this 
  moth 
  was 
  supposed 
  to 
  live 
  ex- 
  

   clusively 
  on 
  wild 
  cabbages 
  (Brassica 
  oleracea 
  var. 
  silvestris, 
  L.), 
  but 
  

   the 
  author 
  has 
  discovered 
  it 
  in 
  Italy 
  on 
  cauhflowers 
  cultivated 
  at 
  

   Fano, 
  in 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  the 
  Marche. 
  The 
  peasants 
  there 
  have 
  known 
  

   it 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  for 
  many 
  years 
  and 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  its 
  ravages 
  they 
  now 
  sow 
  

   the 
  seed 
  after 
  the 
  24th 
  June 
  instead 
  of 
  before, 
  as 
  was 
  their 
  former 
  

   custom. 
  In 
  1912, 
  for 
  instance, 
  sowing 
  was 
  put 
  off 
  until 
  about 
  the 
  

   20th 
  of 
  July. 
  In 
  time, 
  however, 
  the 
  insect 
  has 
  modified 
  its 
  habits 
  

  

  