﻿349 
  

  

  The 
  falling 
  ofi 
  of 
  the 
  unripe 
  fruits, 
  which 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  

   due 
  to 
  other 
  causes, 
  in 
  Astrachan 
  commenced 
  in 
  1911 
  at 
  the 
  

   beginning 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  continued 
  throughout 
  the 
  month. 
  The 
  

   exit 
  of 
  the 
  imago 
  from 
  collected 
  stones 
  began 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  

   spring, 
  the 
  first, 
  a 
  male, 
  emerging 
  on 
  the 
  4th 
  May, 
  the 
  last, 
  a 
  female, 
  

   on 
  the 
  14th 
  May, 
  the 
  males 
  appearing 
  before 
  the 
  females. 
  In 
  Novem- 
  

   ber 
  1913, 
  the 
  author 
  opened 
  some 
  stones 
  of 
  plums 
  obtained 
  in 
  Astrachan 
  

   in 
  August 
  1911 
  and 
  inside 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  he 
  found 
  living 
  larvae 
  of 
  

   E. 
  amygdalis, 
  which 
  had 
  thus 
  survived 
  three 
  winters. 
  It 
  is 
  thought 
  

   that 
  even 
  in 
  nature 
  some 
  larvae 
  only 
  pupate 
  after 
  the 
  lapse 
  of 
  two 
  or 
  

   even 
  three 
  years. 
  

  

  The 
  damage 
  done 
  in 
  Astrachan 
  is 
  considerable. 
  As 
  remedies, 
  the 
  

   collection 
  and 
  destruction 
  of 
  prematurely 
  fallen 
  fruits 
  and 
  the 
  

   prevention 
  of 
  oviposition, 
  are 
  recommended. 
  The 
  first 
  remedy 
  alone 
  

   cannot 
  be 
  considered 
  adequate 
  as 
  the 
  larvae 
  sometimes 
  inhabit 
  mature 
  

   fruits. 
  

  

  Ruby 
  (J.). 
  La 
  cochenille 
  de 
  I'olivier. 
  [The 
  Coccidof 
  theoUve 
  tree.] 
  

   — 
  Rev. 
  Agric. 
  Vitic. 
  Afr. 
  Nord, 
  Algiers, 
  xii, 
  no. 
  95, 
  3rd 
  Jan. 
  1914, 
  

   pp. 
  11-12. 
  

  

  Saissetia 
  (Lecanium) 
  oleae, 
  usually 
  known 
  in 
  North 
  Africa 
  as 
  the 
  

   " 
  pou 
  " 
  or 
  " 
  Khermes," 
  abounds 
  there 
  in 
  most 
  olive 
  groves 
  and 
  is 
  also 
  

   found 
  on 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  cultivated 
  plants, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  rose-laurel. 
  The 
  

   female 
  lays 
  from 
  230 
  to 
  1,500 
  eggs, 
  the 
  average 
  being 
  about 
  840. 
  

   Oviposition 
  takes 
  places 
  in 
  summer 
  and 
  lasts 
  7 
  to 
  8 
  days. 
  The 
  young 
  

   begin 
  to 
  hatch 
  out 
  in 
  about 
  20 
  days, 
  but 
  temperature 
  is 
  an 
  important 
  

   factor. 
  Not 
  only 
  do 
  the 
  trees 
  suffer 
  through 
  the 
  loss 
  of 
  sap, 
  but 
  a 
  

   sooty 
  fungus 
  develops 
  on 
  the 
  sugary 
  excretion 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  Coccids. 
  

   The 
  author 
  points 
  out 
  that 
  this 
  fungus 
  is 
  not 
  positively 
  injurious, 
  

   since, 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  wiped 
  away, 
  the 
  leaf 
  appears 
  green 
  and 
  healthy. 
  

  

  Kainite 
  a 
  scope 
  insettifugo 
  o 
  insetticida. 
  [Kainit 
  as 
  an 
  insectifuge 
  

   or 
  insecticide.] 
  — 
  Riv. 
  Agric, 
  Parma, 
  xx, 
  no. 
  9, 
  27th 
  Feb. 
  1914, 
  

   p. 
  143. 
  

  

  In 
  reply 
  to 
  a 
  correspondent 
  it 
  is 
  stated 
  that 
  to 
  be 
  effective 
  as 
  an 
  

   insectifuge 
  or 
  insecticide, 
  kainit 
  would 
  require 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  large 
  

   quantities. 
  As 
  it 
  contains 
  a 
  large 
  percentage 
  of 
  salt, 
  large 
  quantities 
  

   would 
  do 
  more 
  harm 
  than 
  good 
  in 
  a 
  kitchen-garden. 
  Naphthahned 
  

   Hme, 
  crude 
  naphthahn 
  in 
  powder, 
  or 
  crude 
  petroleum 
  may 
  be 
  used. 
  

   Of 
  the 
  first 
  about 
  300 
  lb. 
  is 
  required 
  per 
  acre. 
  The 
  contents 
  of 
  one 
  

   tin 
  of 
  crude 
  petroleum 
  may 
  be 
  soaked 
  into 
  about 
  550 
  lb. 
  of 
  chalk 
  or 
  

   superphosphate. 
  Lupin 
  seed 
  is 
  also 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  insecticide. 
  

   It 
  contains 
  5 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  nitrogen, 
  7 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  phosphoric 
  anhydride 
  

   and 
  1 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  potash. 
  Eight 
  hundred 
  and 
  eighty 
  pounds 
  are 
  

   required 
  per 
  acre 
  and 
  the 
  seed 
  must 
  first 
  be 
  roasted 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  kill 
  the 
  

   germ. 
  After 
  the 
  crops 
  have 
  been 
  harvested 
  in 
  autumn 
  the 
  same 
  

   amount 
  of 
  crude 
  ammonia* 
  may 
  be 
  used. 
  

  

  [* 
  " 
  Crud 
  aminoniacale," 
  here 
  translated 
  " 
  crude 
  ammonia," 
  is 
  the 
  product 
  of 
  

   the 
  evaporation 
  of 
  the 
  crude 
  ammoniacal 
  liquor 
  from 
  gas 
  manufacture, 
  and 
  

   necessarily 
  contains 
  much 
  less 
  nitrogen 
  than 
  properly 
  prepared 
  ammonium 
  sul- 
  

   phate. 
  It 
  probably 
  owes 
  its 
  insecticidal 
  properties 
  to 
  the 
  various 
  crude 
  tar 
  

   products 
  mixed 
  with 
  it. 
  This 
  method 
  of 
  preparation 
  is 
  wasteful 
  and 
  is 
  now 
  

   almost 
  completely 
  abandoned. 
  — 
  Ed.] 
  

  

  