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  mustard. 
  The 
  author 
  describes 
  the 
  imago, 
  egg, 
  larva 
  and 
  nymph. 
  

   The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  side 
  of 
  leaves 
  of 
  mustard 
  in 
  a 
  double 
  

   row, 
  each 
  female 
  laying 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  12 
  eggs 
  ; 
  several 
  generations 
  

   are 
  produced 
  during 
  the 
  summer. 
  The 
  habits 
  of 
  Eurydcma 
  festivum 
  

   are 
  quite 
  similar. 
  

  

  Carpocoris 
  purpureipennis 
  appears 
  on 
  mustard 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  

   blossoming, 
  laying 
  masses 
  of 
  14-15 
  eggs 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  pods. 
  All 
  

   these 
  bugs 
  are 
  parasitised 
  by 
  Aphanarus 
  (Telenomus) 
  eurydemae 
  Vas., 
  

   sp. 
  nov., 
  which 
  is 
  able 
  to 
  control 
  them 
  effectively. 
  The 
  activity 
  of 
  the 
  

   parasite 
  was 
  at 
  its 
  height 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  August, 
  about 
  70 
  

   per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  hosts 
  being 
  destroyed. 
  This 
  new 
  species 
  

   will 
  be 
  described 
  by 
  I. 
  V. 
  Vassiliev 
  in 
  the 
  " 
  Revue 
  Russe 
  d'Entomo- 
  

   iogie." 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  hyperparasite, 
  Encyrtus 
  telenomicida, 
  but 
  only 
  small 
  

   numbers 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  were 
  obtained. 
  

  

  As 
  a 
  remedy 
  against 
  all 
  these 
  sucking 
  insects, 
  the 
  author 
  recom- 
  

   mends 
  spraying 
  with 
  quassia 
  and 
  green 
  soap 
  emulsions 
  ; 
  in 
  his 
  

   experiments, 
  these 
  insecticides 
  caused 
  the 
  death 
  of 
  20-50 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  

   the 
  larvae. 
  Kerosene 
  emulsion 
  is 
  more 
  troublesome 
  to 
  prepare 
  and 
  

   requires 
  careful 
  handling, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  apt 
  to 
  burn 
  the 
  plants. 
  The 
  

   spraying 
  must 
  be 
  done 
  during 
  flowering 
  and 
  after 
  it 
  is 
  over. 
  He 
  

   describes 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  preparing 
  the 
  emulsions, 
  and 
  gives 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  a 
  

   vedro 
  (2" 
  7 
  gallons) 
  as 
  about 
  3<Z. 
  for 
  quassia, 
  2d. 
  for 
  kerosene 
  and 
  about 
  

   4:d. 
  for 
  green 
  soap 
  emulsions. 
  

  

  The 
  last 
  insect 
  dealt 
  with 
  is 
  Aphis 
  brassicae, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon 
  

   on 
  mustard 
  in 
  the 
  steppes. 
  The 
  following 
  enemies 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  occur 
  

   in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Astrachan 
  : 
  — 
  Adonia 
  variegata, 
  Goeze, 
  Coccinella 
  

   *I-punctata, 
  L., 
  Syrphus 
  pyrastri, 
  L., 
  Syrphus 
  balteatus, 
  Dg., 
  Chrysopa 
  

   perla, 
  L., 
  and 
  Aphidius 
  brassicae, 
  Motsch. 
  (?). 
  The 
  same 
  insecticides 
  

   are 
  recommended 
  ; 
  the 
  author 
  points 
  out 
  that 
  on 
  mustard 
  the 
  lice 
  

   are 
  usually 
  not 
  protected 
  by 
  the 
  leaves, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  on 
  other 
  plants, 
  

   so 
  that 
  spraying 
  becomes 
  more 
  effective. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  mentions 
  that 
  the 
  peasants 
  complain 
  also 
  that 
  mustard 
  

   is 
  damaged 
  by 
  what 
  they 
  call 
  " 
  cobweb," 
  which, 
  if 
  it 
  appears 
  at 
  the 
  

   time 
  of 
  blossoming, 
  may 
  actually 
  kill 
  the 
  plants. 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  not 
  

   been 
  able 
  to 
  investigate 
  this 
  question, 
  nor 
  to 
  see 
  the 
  spider 
  (?) 
  which 
  

   causes 
  it 
  ; 
  but 
  according 
  to 
  P. 
  I. 
  Rastegaiev, 
  this 
  " 
  cobweb 
  " 
  was 
  

   noticed 
  last 
  June 
  on 
  mustard 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Zarev, 
  but 
  no 
  damage 
  

   was 
  done 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  rains, 
  which 
  swept 
  away 
  the 
  web. 
  A 
  small 
  

   spider 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  on 
  mustard 
  seedlings 
  and 
  generally 
  

   on 
  the 
  steppes, 
  where 
  all 
  the 
  plants 
  were 
  entangled 
  by 
  its 
  web 
  ; 
  the 
  

   spider 
  appeared 
  after 
  strong 
  easterly 
  winds. 
  

  

  Stewart 
  (J. 
  P.). 
  The 
  apple 
  in 
  Pennsylvania 
  : 
  varieties, 
  planting 
  and 
  

   general 
  care. 
  — 
  Pennsylvania 
  State 
  Agric. 
  Expt. 
  Sta. 
  Bull. 
  ^ 
  no. 
  128, 
  

   Feb. 
  1914, 
  27 
  pp., 
  10 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  ills 
  of 
  a 
  bearing 
  orchard 
  can 
  be 
  controlled 
  with 
  

   Hme-sulphur 
  and 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  apphed 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  the 
  following 
  

   schedule. 
  For 
  most 
  scale-insects, 
  the 
  lime-sulphur 
  is 
  apphed 
  during 
  

   the 
  dormant 
  season 
  at 
  a 
  density 
  of 
  1-03 
  or 
  more, 
  which 
  is 
  obtained 
  by 
  

   diluting 
  the 
  best 
  of 
  the 
  commercial 
  concentrated 
  solutions 
  to 
  1 
  in 
  10, 
  

   or 
  by 
  diluting 
  the 
  1-2-1 
  home-made 
  concentrate 
  to 
  about 
  1 
  in 
  8. 
  

   This 
  material 
  can 
  also 
  be 
  used 
  against 
  scale 
  in 
  summer, 
  if 
  thoroughly 
  

  

  