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  towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  summer 
  reach 
  one-third 
  or 
  one-half 
  of 
  their 
  

   growth 
  by 
  the 
  time 
  the 
  cold 
  season 
  arrives 
  and 
  then 
  hibernate 
  until 
  

   the 
  spring. 
  In 
  H^rault 
  they 
  appear 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  March 
  and 
  

   begin 
  devouring 
  the 
  shoots 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  latter 
  develop. 
  The 
  critical 
  

   period 
  extends 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  middle, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  to 
  the 
  end, 
  of 
  April, 
  

   but 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  worst 
  cases 
  the 
  damage 
  is 
  not 
  as 
  bad 
  as 
  that 
  caused 
  

   by 
  the 
  cutworms, 
  because 
  the 
  woolly 
  bears 
  only 
  eat 
  the 
  leaves 
  without 
  

   cutting 
  off 
  the 
  shoots. 
  Towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  April, 
  a 
  loose 
  cocoon 
  is 
  

   spun 
  and 
  the 
  moth 
  emerges 
  during 
  May, 
  living 
  only 
  a 
  short 
  time. 
  

   The 
  summer 
  caterpillar 
  hatches 
  out 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  June 
  and 
  spins 
  its 
  

   cocoon 
  in 
  August 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  no 
  importance 
  to 
  the 
  vine-grower. 
  Neither 
  

   Arciia 
  villica 
  nor 
  Eucharia 
  f 
  estiva 
  (Jiebe) 
  are 
  of 
  anything 
  like 
  the 
  impor- 
  

   tance 
  of 
  A. 
  caja. 
  They 
  and 
  Diacrisia 
  (Spilosoma) 
  mendica 
  and 
  

   D. 
  lubricipeda 
  may 
  occasionally 
  be 
  found 
  with 
  A. 
  caja, 
  and 
  also 
  

   attain 
  sometimes 
  to 
  numbers 
  sufficient 
  to 
  warrant 
  attention. 
  Parasitic 
  

   insects, 
  bacteria 
  and 
  fungi 
  all 
  help 
  to 
  control 
  the 
  woolly 
  bears, 
  which, 
  

   however, 
  are 
  shunned 
  by 
  most 
  birds 
  and 
  carnivorous 
  animals 
  on 
  

   account 
  of 
  their 
  hairs. 
  The 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  

   Braconid 
  Apanteles 
  is 
  second 
  only 
  to 
  that 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fungus 
  Empusa 
  

   aulicae 
  ; 
  in 
  1913, 
  perhaps 
  one 
  caterpillar 
  in 
  a 
  hundred 
  escaped. 
  A 
  

   coccobacillus, 
  described 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  and 
  G. 
  R. 
  Blanc 
  [see 
  this 
  

   Review, 
  Ser. 
  A. 
  i, 
  p. 
  166] 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Bacillus 
  cajae, 
  helped 
  to 
  

   control 
  the 
  pest. 
  According 
  to 
  their 
  experiments 
  B. 
  cajae 
  is 
  able 
  to 
  

   kill 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  other 
  insects, 
  especially 
  by 
  inoculation. 
  Some 
  

   woolly 
  bears 
  were 
  also 
  infected 
  by 
  ingestion, 
  but 
  with 
  great 
  difficulty. 
  

   Insecticides 
  are 
  of 
  no 
  value 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  and 
  collection 
  by 
  

   hand 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  practical 
  method. 
  It 
  must 
  be 
  begun 
  immediately 
  

   the 
  caterpillars 
  appear 
  and 
  continued 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  possible. 
  

  

  SiCARD 
  (H.). 
  Sur 
  la 
  pr6tendue 
  destruction 
  des 
  insectes 
  parasites 
  de 
  la 
  

   vigne 
  par 
  les 
  gel6es 
  d'hiver. 
  [The 
  supposed 
  destruction 
  of 
  vine 
  

   pests 
  by 
  frost.] 
  — 
  Progres 
  Agric. 
  Vitic, 
  Montpellier, 
  xxxi, 
  no. 
  9, 
  

   1st 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  266-268. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  gives 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  investigations 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  

   districts 
  which 
  suffered 
  most 
  from 
  recent 
  severe 
  frost, 
  where 
  he 
  

   examined 
  vines 
  in 
  which 
  all 
  the 
  shoots 
  were 
  destroyed 
  by 
  it. 
  Haltica 
  

   ampelophaga 
  were 
  in 
  perfect 
  condition, 
  and 
  young 
  Coccids 
  were 
  

   moving 
  about 
  beneath 
  the 
  bark, 
  indeed 
  the 
  cold 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  

   favoured 
  them. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  Arctia 
  caja 
  seemed 
  quite 
  vigorous 
  ; 
  

   of 
  42 
  caterpillars 
  collected, 
  33 
  were 
  ahve, 
  5 
  were 
  parasitised 
  by 
  

   Hymenoptera, 
  and 
  only 
  4 
  were 
  dead. 
  The 
  author 
  states 
  that 
  some 
  

   larvae 
  of 
  Pentodon 
  punctatus 
  were 
  frozen 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  earth 
  

   around 
  them 
  into 
  a 
  sohd 
  block 
  of 
  ice, 
  but 
  when 
  the 
  warm 
  weather 
  

   returned 
  they 
  resumed 
  feeding. 
  He 
  concludes 
  that 
  the 
  most 
  serious 
  

   vine 
  pests 
  have 
  survived 
  and 
  will 
  prove 
  more 
  than 
  usually 
  injurious 
  

   as 
  the 
  cold 
  has 
  damaged 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  their 
  food 
  suppHes. 
  

  

  MoLiNAS 
  (E.). 
  La 
  destruction 
  des 
  parasites 
  du 
  sol. 
  [The 
  destruction 
  

   of 
  underground 
  pests.] 
  — 
  Progres 
  Agric. 
  Vitic, 
  Montpellier, 
  xxxi, 
  

   no. 
  12, 
  22nd 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  374-378. 
  

  

  An 
  old 
  method 
  of 
  clearing 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  the 
  burning 
  of 
  vegetable 
  rubbish 
  

   at 
  the 
  affected 
  points. 
  This 
  must 
  be 
  undoubtedly 
  efficacious 
  and 
  may 
  

  

  