﻿366 
  

  

  to 
  and 
  were 
  organised 
  by 
  the 
  School, 
  Zemstvo, 
  Hospital, 
  etc. 
  The 
  

   work 
  consisted 
  in 
  spraying 
  with 
  various 
  fungicides 
  and 
  insecticides 
  

   and 
  the 
  author 
  used 
  to 
  advertise 
  this 
  beforehand 
  in 
  the 
  village 
  and 
  to 
  

   invite 
  all 
  those 
  desiring 
  to 
  attend 
  ; 
  he 
  demonstrated 
  the 
  preparation 
  

   and 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  poison, 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  spraying, 
  etc. 
  ; 
  these 
  demonstrations 
  

   were 
  occasionally 
  accompanied 
  by 
  lectures. 
  The 
  peasants 
  were 
  later 
  

   able 
  to 
  satisfy 
  themselves 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  improved 
  state 
  of 
  the 
  specimen 
  

   orchards 
  and 
  showed 
  themselves 
  more 
  wilhng 
  to 
  apply 
  the 
  same 
  

   remedies 
  in 
  their 
  own. 
  

  

  The 
  chief 
  orchard 
  pest 
  in 
  Bukovina 
  (in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Chotin) 
  is 
  

   Aspidiotus 
  ostreaeformis, 
  Curtis. 
  In 
  recent 
  years 
  there 
  have 
  also 
  been 
  

   outbreaks 
  of 
  Aporia 
  crataegi, 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  which 
  in 
  1913 
  stripped 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  of 
  50 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  orchards, 
  though 
  about 
  40 
  per 
  cent, 
  

   of 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  failed 
  to 
  pupate, 
  having 
  been 
  attacked 
  by 
  a 
  Braconid 
  

   parasite. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  peasants 
  destroy 
  the 
  nests 
  of 
  A. 
  crataegi, 
  but 
  

   some 
  of 
  them 
  hesitate 
  to 
  do 
  this 
  owing 
  to 
  reUgious 
  scruples, 
  and 
  even 
  

   when 
  collecting 
  the 
  nests 
  do 
  not 
  destroy 
  them, 
  but 
  throw 
  them 
  out 
  

   on 
  the 
  road 
  or 
  into 
  ditches, 
  which 
  does 
  not 
  prevent 
  their 
  further 
  

   development. 
  Besides 
  these 
  pests 
  Sciaphohus 
  squalidus, 
  Anihonomus 
  

   pomorum, 
  Rhynchites 
  pauxillus, 
  Lymantria 
  dispar, 
  Psylla 
  mali, 
  Psylla 
  

   pyri, 
  Hyponomeuta 
  malinellus, 
  Aphis 
  mali, 
  etc., 
  also 
  occur. 
  In 
  some 
  

   parts 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Kishinev, 
  where 
  the 
  chief 
  crop 
  is 
  plums, 
  the 
  

   trees 
  suffer 
  most 
  from 
  a 
  Coccid 
  and 
  from 
  Cydia 
  {Grapholita) 
  funebrana, 
  

   etc. 
  In 
  the 
  orchard 
  district 
  of 
  Benderi, 
  an 
  unidentified 
  green 
  cater- 
  

   pillar 
  has 
  done 
  considerable 
  damage 
  to 
  plum 
  and 
  pear 
  trees. 
  There 
  

   also 
  occurred 
  Hyponomeuta 
  malinellus 
  and 
  Sciaphohus 
  squalidus, 
  

   against 
  which 
  spraying 
  with 
  Paris 
  green 
  (1 
  oz. 
  of 
  green 
  and 
  double 
  

   this 
  amount 
  of 
  slaked 
  lime 
  in 
  9 
  gallons 
  of 
  water) 
  or 
  with 
  Djipsin 
  

   (1-1 
  J 
  oz. 
  in 
  5J 
  gallons 
  of 
  water), 
  and 
  hand-picking 
  were 
  appfied. 
  

   As 
  a 
  preventive 
  remedy 
  for 
  the 
  future, 
  the 
  author 
  recommends 
  the 
  

   removal 
  of 
  the 
  supporting 
  posts 
  and 
  pouring 
  boiling 
  water 
  over 
  the 
  

   vinestocks 
  early 
  in 
  spring, 
  which 
  will 
  destroy 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  wintering 
  

   underneath 
  the 
  bark. 
  Other 
  pests 
  of 
  vine 
  noticed 
  were 
  Lethrus 
  

   cephalotes 
  and 
  Melolontha, 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  which 
  have 
  injured 
  the 
  roots 
  

   in 
  many 
  locaHties, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  vineyards 
  they 
  have 
  destroyed 
  the 
  

   young 
  stocks. 
  Potatoes 
  planted 
  afterwards 
  on 
  this 
  ground 
  were 
  also 
  

   destroyed 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  and 
  by 
  AmphimMlus 
  solstitialis 
  ; 
  little 
  

   damage, 
  however, 
  was 
  done 
  to 
  sets, 
  which 
  subsequently 
  recovered. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  gives 
  a 
  Ust 
  of 
  pests 
  noticed 
  in 
  various 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   government 
  and 
  the 
  dates 
  of 
  their 
  occurrence. 
  

  

  KoROLKOV 
  (D. 
  M.). 
  BpeflMienM 
  CaAa. 
  [Pests 
  of 
  orchards.]— 
  «IVIaTe- 
  

   pianbi 
  no 
  MsyMeHiio 
  BpeAHbixi^ 
  HactKOMbixis 
  Mockobckom 
  ry6ep- 
  

   HiM.» 
  [Materials 
  for 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  injurious 
  insects 
  of 
  the 
  Govt, 
  of 
  

   Moscow,'] 
  Moscow, 
  v, 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  1-93. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  a 
  report 
  on 
  various 
  insect 
  pests 
  investigated 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  

   in 
  an 
  experimental 
  orchard 
  leased 
  by 
  the 
  Zemstvo 
  specially 
  for 
  this 
  

   purpose. 
  

  

  Aporia 
  crataegi, 
  L. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  observed 
  that 
  a 
  great 
  many 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  of 
  this 
  butterfly 
  perish 
  during 
  the 
  winter, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  is 
  

   inchned 
  to 
  ascribe 
  this 
  chiefly 
  to 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  cold. 
  The 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  started 
  emerging 
  from 
  their 
  nests 
  after 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  April, 
  

  

  