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  but 
  returned 
  to 
  them 
  at 
  night 
  or 
  during 
  the 
  colder 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  day. 
  

   They 
  attacked 
  the 
  buds 
  of 
  apple 
  trees 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  orchards 
  they 
  have 
  

   destroyed 
  all 
  the 
  buds 
  on 
  some 
  trees. 
  The 
  hopes 
  that 
  the 
  damage 
  

   done 
  by 
  these 
  pests 
  would 
  be 
  less 
  than 
  usual, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  great 
  

   number 
  of 
  caterpillars 
  killed 
  by 
  the 
  cold, 
  were 
  not 
  reahsed. 
  Pupation 
  

   began 
  on 
  the 
  29th 
  May 
  and 
  the 
  butterflies 
  appeared 
  after 
  the 
  6th 
  June 
  ; 
  

   oviposition 
  began 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  half 
  of 
  July. 
  The 
  author 
  deals 
  at 
  

   great 
  length 
  with 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  nests 
  of 
  these 
  pests, 
  

   which 
  has 
  hitherto 
  been 
  the 
  chief 
  remedy 
  used. 
  

  

  Anihomomus 
  pomorum, 
  L. 
  The 
  hibernating 
  weevils 
  appeared 
  on 
  

   4th-6th 
  April 
  ; 
  adult 
  larvae 
  were 
  found 
  about 
  23rd 
  May, 
  and 
  pupae 
  

   about 
  the 
  28th. 
  The 
  methods 
  adopted 
  for 
  eradicating 
  the 
  weevils 
  

   were 
  : 
  — 
  (1) 
  cleansing 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  March, 
  (2) 
  

   shaking 
  the 
  beetles 
  from 
  the 
  trees, 
  and 
  (3) 
  trap 
  belts. 
  The 
  author 
  

   describes 
  a 
  special 
  cloth 
  funnel 
  prepared 
  by 
  him 
  for 
  collecting 
  the 
  

   pieces 
  of 
  bark 
  and 
  the 
  beetles 
  scraped 
  ofi 
  the 
  trees. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  

   beetles 
  collected 
  varies 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  day 
  and 
  

   the 
  date 
  of 
  the 
  operation 
  ; 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  bark 
  also 
  has 
  an 
  effect, 
  

   fewer 
  insects 
  being 
  found 
  on 
  trees 
  with 
  smooth 
  bark, 
  the 
  beetles 
  then 
  

   keeping 
  nearer 
  to 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  tree. 
  Shaking 
  on 
  to 
  sheets 
  should 
  be 
  

   begun 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  warm 
  days 
  of 
  the 
  season, 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  beetles 
  emerge 
  

   from 
  their 
  wintering 
  places 
  and 
  proceed 
  to 
  spread 
  over 
  the 
  trees 
  ; 
  

   the 
  method 
  adopted 
  is 
  fully 
  described. 
  The 
  author 
  estimates 
  that 
  the 
  

   cost 
  of 
  shaking 
  amounts 
  to 
  about 
  Id. 
  per 
  tree 
  ; 
  he 
  compares 
  the 
  cost 
  

   of 
  this 
  remedy 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  spraying 
  with 
  milk 
  of 
  lime, 
  which 
  he 
  

   considers 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  more 
  comphcated 
  and 
  costly 
  method. 
  He 
  mentions 
  

   that 
  a 
  few 
  trees 
  were 
  sprayed 
  with 
  carbohc 
  emulsion 
  against 
  eggs 
  of 
  

   Psylla, 
  but 
  this 
  did 
  not 
  drive 
  away 
  the 
  Anthonomus. 
  Trap 
  belts 
  are 
  

   recommended 
  to 
  be 
  put 
  on 
  the 
  trees 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  summer 
  and 
  to 
  be 
  

   taken 
  down 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  spring 
  ; 
  in 
  which 
  case 
  they 
  appear 
  very 
  

   useful, 
  as 
  the 
  insects 
  seek 
  protection 
  beneath 
  them 
  from 
  the 
  cold 
  and 
  

   can 
  be 
  collected 
  in 
  great 
  numbers. 
  

  

  Psylla 
  mall, 
  Schdb. 
  The 
  first 
  larvae 
  issued 
  from 
  the 
  hibernating 
  

   eggs 
  at 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  April, 
  immediately 
  proceeding 
  to 
  the 
  buds. 
  

   The 
  cold 
  weather, 
  with 
  snow, 
  which 
  set 
  in 
  at 
  about 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  April, 
  

   had 
  no 
  marked 
  influence 
  on 
  them, 
  except 
  those 
  which 
  were 
  preparing 
  

   to 
  moult. 
  By 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  nymphs 
  had 
  concen- 
  

   trated 
  on 
  the 
  petioles 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  apple 
  trees, 
  and 
  the 
  insects 
  

   started 
  flying 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May. 
  A 
  partial 
  second 
  generation 
  was 
  

   observed. 
  The 
  measures 
  apphed 
  against 
  the 
  eggs 
  were 
  spraying 
  with 
  

   sulphate 
  of 
  iron, 
  carbohc 
  emulsion 
  and 
  milk 
  of 
  Ume 
  ; 
  against 
  the 
  

   larvae, 
  spraying 
  with 
  soft 
  soap, 
  tobacco 
  extract, 
  combined 
  mixtures, 
  

   and 
  carbohc 
  emulsion. 
  It 
  appears 
  that 
  milk 
  of 
  lime 
  had 
  no 
  effect 
  on 
  

   the 
  eggs. 
  Although 
  the 
  experiments 
  with 
  carbohc 
  emulsion 
  are 
  not 
  

   conclusive, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  small 
  number 
  of 
  trees 
  sprayed, 
  it 
  is 
  believed 
  

   to 
  affect 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  embryo 
  if 
  a 
  1 
  per 
  cent, 
  emulsion 
  is 
  

   sprayed 
  on 
  the 
  eggs 
  a 
  week 
  before 
  hatching. 
  Two 
  tables 
  show 
  the 
  

   results. 
  In 
  spraying 
  with 
  iron 
  sulphate, 
  the 
  solution 
  recommended 
  is 
  

   I 
  lb. 
  of 
  sulphate 
  in 
  2 
  gallons 
  of 
  water, 
  if 
  flour 
  paste 
  is 
  added, 
  but 
  the 
  

   strength 
  must 
  be 
  doubled 
  if 
  no 
  paste 
  is 
  used 
  ; 
  one 
  spring 
  spraying 
  is 
  

   not 
  sufficient 
  to 
  destroy 
  all 
  the 
  eggs. 
  For 
  spraying 
  the 
  larvae 
  the 
  

   author 
  concludes 
  that 
  the 
  best 
  insecticides 
  are 
  tobacco 
  extract 
  and 
  

   soft 
  soap 
  ; 
  they 
  kill 
  the 
  insects 
  quickly 
  and 
  are 
  harmless 
  to 
  the 
  plants 
  ; 
  

  

  