﻿372 
  

  

  attack 
  more 
  especially 
  the 
  boundary 
  strips 
  round 
  the 
  fields 
  to 
  a 
  width 
  

   of 
  about 
  9 
  feet 
  ; 
  spots 
  in 
  the 
  fields 
  situated 
  far 
  from 
  the 
  borders 
  are 
  

   seldom 
  injured. 
  The 
  summer 
  generation 
  did 
  small 
  damage. 
  The 
  

   winter 
  crops, 
  which 
  were 
  able 
  to 
  tiller 
  before 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  the 
  pests, 
  

   had 
  only 
  their 
  lateral 
  shoots 
  damaged. 
  The 
  earlier 
  sowing 
  of 
  summer 
  

   crops, 
  the 
  early 
  destruction 
  of 
  fallen 
  seeds, 
  the 
  reploughing 
  of 
  stubbles 
  

   and 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  weed 
  grasses 
  are 
  recommended 
  as 
  remedies. 
  

  

  Agriotes 
  lineatus 
  during 
  1913 
  injured 
  both 
  summer 
  and 
  winter 
  crops 
  

   and 
  clover 
  in 
  various 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  government. 
  The 
  beetles 
  winter 
  

   close 
  beneath 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  soil, 
  appearing 
  early 
  in 
  spring, 
  and 
  

   pairing 
  has 
  been 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May 
  ; 
  oviposition 
  is 
  effected 
  

   in 
  soil 
  rich 
  with 
  manure. 
  The 
  young 
  larvae 
  feed 
  at 
  first 
  on 
  roots 
  of 
  

   various 
  plants 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  assumed 
  that 
  the 
  larval 
  stage 
  lasts 
  5 
  years. 
  

   Pupation 
  was 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  takes 
  place 
  at 
  a 
  

   depth 
  of 
  3 
  J 
  inches. 
  Only 
  the 
  larvae 
  are 
  injurious, 
  devouring 
  sown 
  

   grain 
  and 
  afterwards 
  injuring 
  also 
  the 
  plants 
  ; 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  

   injuries 
  is 
  described. 
  Potato 
  baits 
  poisoned 
  with 
  Paris 
  green 
  w^ere 
  

   used 
  and 
  resulted 
  in 
  the 
  poisoning 
  of 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  larvae. 
  

  

  Euxoa 
  segetum, 
  Schifi. 
  — 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  were 
  found 
  

   hibernating 
  in 
  their 
  last 
  stage, 
  and 
  the 
  depth 
  at 
  which 
  they 
  winter 
  

   depends 
  on 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  soil 
  and 
  its 
  cultivation 
  ; 
  on 
  sandy 
  soil, 
  deeply 
  

   cultivated, 
  the 
  depth 
  was 
  about 
  seven 
  inches. 
  The 
  author 
  con- 
  

   ducted 
  some 
  digging 
  operations 
  early 
  in 
  May 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  estabUsh 
  

   the 
  exact 
  time 
  of 
  pupation 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  ; 
  on 
  9th 
  May 
  almost 
  all 
  the 
  

   caterpillars 
  had 
  pupated. 
  It 
  appeared 
  that 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  pupae 
  on 
  a 
  

   given 
  space 
  was 
  less 
  than 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  caterpillars 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  spot 
  

   last 
  autumn 
  ; 
  this 
  is 
  explained 
  as 
  being 
  due 
  to 
  fungus 
  diseases. 
  There 
  

   was 
  evidence 
  of 
  considerable 
  infestation 
  by 
  parasites. 
  Only 
  one 
  

   generation 
  appeared 
  this 
  year, 
  the 
  flying 
  taking 
  place 
  from 
  10th 
  June 
  

   to 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  July. 
  As 
  a 
  remedy, 
  it 
  is 
  recommended 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  

   fallow 
  lands 
  clear 
  from 
  weeds. 
  

  

  Phyllotreta 
  sp. 
  has 
  damaged 
  turnips. 
  Sticky 
  flags 
  were 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  

   remedy, 
  and 
  although 
  a 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  insects 
  were 
  caught, 
  the 
  

   remainder 
  kept 
  on 
  feeding. 
  The 
  plants 
  were 
  repeatedly 
  drenched 
  with 
  

   dung 
  water, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  successful 
  

   remedies. 
  

  

  Levtejev. 
  (V. 
  A.). 
  HaSjuoABHifl 
  no 
  6ionoriM 
  niiCTBeHHaro 
  nmiMJib- 
  

  

  IMMKa, 
  pancoearo 
  nunMJIblMHKa 
  V\ 
  JiyKOBOM 
  UBtrOMHUUbl. 
  [Obser- 
  

   vations 
  on 
  the 
  biology 
  of 
  Nematus 
  erichsonii, 
  L., 
  Athalia 
  spinarum, 
  

   F., 
  and 
  Hylemyia 
  (Anthomyia) 
  antiqua, 
  Mg.]^« 
  Maiepiailbl 
  no 
  

   HsyneHiK) 
  speAHbix-b 
  HactKOMbixi) 
  Mockobckom 
  ry6epHiM.» 
  

  

  [Materials 
  for 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  injurious 
  insects 
  of 
  the 
  Govt, 
  of 
  

   Moscoiv,] 
  Moscow, 
  v, 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  94-111. 
  

  

  The 
  report 
  on 
  Nematus 
  erichsonii 
  is 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  two 
  years' 
  observa- 
  

   tions 
  conducted 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  in 
  Petrovo-Bazumovskoje, 
  near 
  

   Moscow, 
  where 
  the 
  insects 
  have 
  appeared 
  yearly 
  since 
  1906 
  in 
  increasing 
  

   numbers 
  and 
  injure 
  larch 
  plantations. 
  The 
  author 
  gives 
  a 
  description 
  

   of 
  the 
  imago. 
  These 
  sawflies 
  hibernate 
  as 
  a 
  larvae 
  in 
  cocoons 
  in 
  the 
  

   soil, 
  situated 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  tree. 
  The 
  examination 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  

   number 
  of 
  cocoons 
  showed 
  that 
  a 
  considerable 
  percentage 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   had 
  been 
  killed 
  by 
  fungus 
  disease 
  ; 
  in 
  some 
  samples, 
  50-75 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  