﻿375 
  

  

  about 
  80 
  gallons 
  of 
  water 
  is 
  the 
  proportion 
  recommended. 
  The 
  young 
  

   caterpillars 
  are 
  rapidly 
  killed 
  by 
  this 
  liquid. 
  

  

  Vermorel 
  (V.) 
  & 
  Dantony 
  (E.). 
  La 
  Defense 
  de 
  nos 
  Jardins 
  contre 
  

   les 
  Insectes 
  et 
  les 
  Parasites. 
  [The 
  defence 
  of 
  our 
  gardens 
  against 
  

   insects 
  and 
  parasites.] 
  — 
  Bureaux 
  du 
  Pr 
  ogres 
  Agricole 
  et 
  Viticole, 
  

   Villefranche-Montpellier, 
  1914, 
  227 
  pp. 
  67 
  figs., 
  12 
  col. 
  pla. 
  

   (price, 
  fcs. 
  3.50.) 
  

  

  This 
  httle 
  book 
  is 
  intended 
  for 
  purely 
  practical 
  purposes 
  and 
  only 
  

   pretends 
  to 
  deal 
  with 
  serious 
  pests 
  of 
  the 
  garden. 
  The 
  authors 
  have 
  

   omitted 
  all 
  processes 
  which, 
  in 
  their 
  opinion, 
  are 
  of 
  doubtful 
  value 
  

   and 
  also 
  those 
  which 
  involve 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  secret 
  preparations 
  of 
  un- 
  

   known 
  composition. 
  They 
  state 
  that 
  the 
  chemical 
  processes 
  for 
  the 
  

   destruction 
  of 
  insect 
  pests 
  which 
  are 
  both 
  practical 
  and 
  inexpensive, 
  

   are 
  not 
  numerous 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  the 
  insects, 
  the 
  treatment 
  

   of 
  trees 
  and 
  plants 
  with 
  hot 
  water 
  and 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  traps 
  of 
  various 
  kinds, 
  

   are 
  really 
  the 
  best 
  methods. 
  The 
  authors 
  consider 
  that 
  attention 
  should 
  

   be 
  chiefly 
  directed 
  toward 
  destruction 
  of 
  insects 
  by 
  their 
  parasites. 
  

  

  The 
  book 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  three 
  parts, 
  the 
  first 
  deahng 
  with 
  the 
  insects 
  

   themselves, 
  the 
  second 
  part 
  deahng 
  with 
  fungoid 
  diseases, 
  and 
  the 
  

   third 
  with 
  means 
  of 
  control 
  or 
  prevention. 
  The 
  insecticides 
  are 
  classed 
  

   as 
  external, 
  mixed, 
  and 
  internal, 
  and 
  a 
  short 
  chapter 
  is 
  devoted 
  to 
  

   natural 
  parasites. 
  Fungoid 
  diseases 
  and 
  their 
  remedies 
  are 
  dealt 
  with 
  

   at 
  considerable 
  length, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  short, 
  but 
  practical 
  chapter 
  on 
  

   general 
  orchard 
  and 
  garden 
  hygiene. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  book 
  a 
  hst 
  

   of 
  fruit 
  trees 
  and 
  garden 
  plants 
  is 
  given, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  principal 
  

   pests 
  of 
  each 
  and 
  the 
  months 
  of 
  their 
  occurrence. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  a 
  good 
  index 
  and 
  12 
  coloured 
  plates, 
  which 
  are 
  hkely 
  to 
  be 
  

   useful 
  to 
  the 
  gardener 
  in 
  enabhng 
  him 
  to 
  recognise 
  certain 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  

   important 
  pests. 
  

  

  FucHS 
  (G.). 
  Ueber 
  Parasiten 
  und 
  andere 
  biologisch 
  an 
  die 
  Borken- 
  

   kafer 
  gebundene 
  Nematoden. 
  [On 
  parasitic 
  and 
  other 
  Nematodes 
  

   biologically 
  associated 
  with 
  Bark-Beetles.] 
  — 
  Vtrh. 
  GeselL 
  Deuts. 
  

   Naturf. 
  Aerzte, 
  DresdeUy 
  Ixxxv, 
  no. 
  2, 
  pt. 
  1, 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  688-692. 
  

  

  An 
  account 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  Nematodes 
  associated 
  with 
  bark-beetles, 
  

   particularly 
  with 
  the 
  species 
  Ips 
  typographus, 
  which 
  damages 
  pine, 
  

   and 
  with 
  the 
  weevil 
  Hylobius 
  abietis. 
  Some 
  of 
  these 
  Nematodes 
  are 
  

   true 
  parasites, 
  while 
  others 
  such 
  as 
  Tylenchus 
  macrogaster, 
  T. 
  majofy 
  

   etc., 
  Uve 
  free 
  in 
  the 
  holes 
  of 
  the 
  beetles, 
  but 
  not 
  as 
  parasites. 
  The 
  

   parasite 
  of 
  I. 
  typographus 
  are 
  Tylenchus 
  contortus 
  typographi 
  and 
  T. 
  

   dispar 
  typographi, 
  both 
  of 
  which 
  Hve 
  in 
  the 
  body 
  cavity 
  of 
  the 
  host. 
  

   Their 
  effect 
  upon 
  the 
  beetle 
  is 
  to 
  lower 
  its 
  general 
  activity, 
  and 
  in 
  

   particular 
  its 
  egg-laying 
  capacity 
  ; 
  healthy 
  beetles 
  lay 
  on 
  an 
  average 
  

   60 
  eggs 
  in 
  a 
  batch, 
  while 
  parasitised 
  individuals 
  lay 
  only 
  about 
  half 
  

   this 
  number. 
  The 
  species 
  parasitic 
  on 
  Hylobius 
  abietis 
  belongs 
  to 
  a 
  

   genus 
  nearly 
  related 
  to 
  Tylenchus, 
  for 
  which 
  the 
  author 
  proposes 
  the 
  

   name 
  Tylenchomorphus. 
  

  

  In 
  general, 
  the 
  nearly 
  related 
  hosts 
  are 
  parasitised 
  by 
  nearly 
  related 
  

   Nematodes, 
  each 
  species 
  of 
  host 
  having 
  its 
  specific 
  parasite. 
  

  

  