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  spring 
  growth 
  and 
  were 
  probably 
  but 
  little 
  susceptible 
  to 
  what- 
  

   ever 
  weathered 
  hme-sulphur 
  remained. 
  Oil 
  sprays 
  experimented 
  

   with 
  were 
  fatal 
  to 
  scales 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  locahties. 
  There 
  seems 
  

   no 
  doubt 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  scales 
  are 
  resistant 
  to 
  the 
  lime- 
  

   sulphur 
  spray, 
  as 
  all 
  were 
  subjected 
  equally 
  to 
  it, 
  and 
  if 
  this 
  be 
  so, 
  

   an 
  extreme 
  view 
  would 
  be 
  that 
  from 
  these 
  resistant 
  forms 
  might 
  arise 
  

   a 
  race 
  that 
  would 
  be 
  quite 
  immune. 
  Viewed 
  from 
  a 
  Mendelian 
  stand- 
  

   point, 
  the 
  consequences 
  are 
  less 
  alarming, 
  as 
  there 
  are 
  always 
  some 
  

   scales 
  missed 
  by 
  the 
  spraying, 
  and 
  these 
  would 
  produce 
  a 
  population 
  

   in 
  part, 
  at 
  least, 
  non-resistant. 
  As 
  the 
  spraying 
  affects 
  every 
  tenth 
  

   generation 
  or 
  so, 
  the 
  immunity 
  is 
  not 
  hkely 
  to 
  make 
  itself 
  felt 
  over 
  

   so 
  long 
  a 
  period, 
  if 
  acquired 
  during 
  the 
  Ufe-time 
  of 
  the 
  individual 
  ; 
  

   and 
  further, 
  resistance 
  appears 
  to 
  act 
  as 
  a 
  Mendehan 
  recessive 
  

   character, 
  so 
  that 
  crosses 
  with 
  non-resistant 
  individuals 
  would 
  

   produce 
  non-resistant 
  hybrids. 
  

  

  Practically, 
  a 
  change 
  from 
  hme-sulphur 
  to 
  an 
  oil 
  spray 
  is 
  all 
  that 
  is 
  

   necessary 
  for 
  effectual 
  control. 
  Should 
  forms 
  resistant 
  to 
  the 
  oil 
  

   spray 
  arise, 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  necessary 
  to 
  use 
  both 
  insecticides, 
  and 
  if 
  then 
  

   the 
  same 
  individuals 
  were 
  resistant 
  to 
  both, 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  necessary 
  to 
  

   introduce 
  a 
  weak 
  strain 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  to 
  cross 
  with 
  the 
  immunes 
  

   and 
  thus 
  induce 
  a 
  return 
  to 
  the 
  normal 
  susceptible 
  population. 
  

  

  PADDock 
  (F. 
  B.). 
  Observations 
  on 
  the 
  Bee-Moth. 
  — 
  Jl. 
  Econ. 
  Entom. 
  

   Concord, 
  vii, 
  no. 
  2, 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  183-188. 
  

  

  The 
  bee-moth 
  (Galleria 
  mellonella, 
  L.) 
  is 
  now 
  found 
  in 
  Italy, 
  Ger- 
  

   many, 
  France, 
  England, 
  Ireland, 
  India, 
  AustraUa 
  and 
  the 
  United 
  

   States. 
  Work 
  has 
  been 
  done 
  in 
  the 
  College 
  Station, 
  Texas, 
  for 
  the 
  

   purpose 
  of 
  identifjdng 
  the 
  generations 
  of 
  this 
  insect. 
  In 
  this 
  region 
  

   there 
  are 
  three 
  ; 
  the 
  third 
  is 
  not 
  so 
  large 
  as 
  the 
  first 
  two, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  of 
  larvae 
  does 
  not 
  pupate 
  until 
  

   late 
  in 
  the 
  autumn. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  decided 
  overlapping 
  of 
  generations, 
  

   and 
  all 
  stages 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  at 
  almost 
  any 
  time 
  in 
  an 
  infested 
  hive. 
  

   In 
  April, 
  moths 
  from 
  the 
  hibernating 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  mature 
  and 
  lay 
  

   eggs 
  ; 
  these 
  hatch 
  during 
  May 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  are 
  about 
  three-fourths 
  

   grown 
  by 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  month. 
  In 
  June, 
  pupation 
  begins 
  and 
  

   continues 
  in 
  July 
  ; 
  adults 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  emerge 
  in 
  July 
  

   and 
  deposit 
  eggs. 
  In 
  August, 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  generation 
  

   are 
  still 
  to 
  be 
  found, 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  moths, 
  eggs 
  and 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  

   generation. 
  In 
  September, 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  pupate 
  

   and 
  the 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  generation 
  emerge 
  and 
  lay 
  eggs 
  ; 
  all 
  stages 
  

   of 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  are 
  still 
  to 
  be 
  found. 
  In 
  October, 
  there 
  are 
  

   still 
  moths 
  and 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  generation 
  ; 
  the 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  

   of 
  the 
  third 
  generation 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  November, 
  December, 
  January 
  

   and 
  February 
  ; 
  by 
  March 
  all 
  have 
  pupated. 
  

  

  Three 
  hymenopterous 
  parasites 
  of 
  the 
  bee-moth 
  have 
  been 
  recorded 
  ; 
  

   one 
  is 
  a 
  Chalcid, 
  Eupelmus 
  cereanus 
  ; 
  another 
  is 
  a 
  Braconid, 
  Bracon 
  

   brevicornis 
  ; 
  the 
  third 
  is 
  Apanteles 
  lateralis 
  ; 
  this 
  latter 
  was 
  discovered 
  

   near 
  Lyons, 
  where 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  spread 
  very 
  rapidly. 
  A 
  small 
  red 
  

   ant, 
  Solenopsis 
  sp., 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  enemy 
  of 
  the 
  bee-moth 
  ; 
  

   it 
  destroys 
  both 
  moths 
  and 
  larvae. 
  Fumigation 
  has 
  proved 
  the 
  best 
  

   means 
  of 
  artificial 
  control. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  experimentally 
  that 
  

   only 
  extremely 
  large 
  doses 
  of 
  sulphur 
  will 
  affect 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  bee- 
  

  

  