﻿398 
  

  

  panied 
  by 
  a 
  certificate 
  issued 
  by 
  a 
  competent 
  entomologist 
  who 
  has 
  

   inspected 
  the 
  shipment 
  in 
  question 
  and 
  found 
  it 
  free 
  from 
  pests. 
  

   (3) 
  Fumigation 
  certificates. 
  These 
  offer 
  more 
  ample 
  security 
  than 
  

   the 
  former, 
  but 
  should 
  not 
  lead 
  to 
  all 
  other 
  precautions 
  being 
  discarded, 
  

   for 
  even 
  when 
  properly 
  effected, 
  fumigation 
  is 
  not 
  always 
  a 
  certain 
  

   guarantee 
  of 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  all 
  pests. 
  (4) 
  Inspection 
  of 
  shipments 
  

   at 
  destination. 
  This 
  method 
  may 
  be 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  most 
  

   efficacious. 
  It 
  is 
  essential, 
  however, 
  that 
  commerce 
  be 
  as 
  little 
  

   disturbed 
  as 
  possible 
  and 
  a 
  very 
  perfect 
  organisation 
  of 
  personnel 
  

   and 
  equipment 
  is 
  therefore 
  necessary 
  in 
  the 
  plant 
  inspection 
  station. 
  

   In 
  Europe, 
  the 
  station 
  for 
  plant 
  protection 
  at 
  Hamburg 
  may 
  be 
  

   regarded 
  as 
  a 
  model. 
  (5) 
  Fumigation 
  on 
  arrival. 
  The 
  security 
  

   afforded 
  by 
  inspection 
  is 
  doubled 
  by 
  submitting 
  the 
  plants 
  to 
  dis- 
  

   infection. 
  (6) 
  Quarantine. 
  Some 
  plants 
  and 
  some 
  parasites 
  can 
  

   only 
  be 
  efficaciously 
  dealt 
  with 
  by 
  quarantining 
  them. 
  Quarantine 
  

   may 
  also 
  be 
  resorted 
  to 
  where 
  the 
  success 
  of 
  fumigation 
  is 
  doubtful. 
  

   (7) 
  Prohibition. 
  As 
  the 
  application 
  of 
  the 
  foregoing 
  measures 
  requires 
  

   a 
  special 
  organisation 
  and 
  a 
  technical 
  staff 
  which 
  all 
  countries 
  do 
  not 
  

   possess, 
  it 
  sometimes 
  becomes 
  necessary 
  to 
  prohibit 
  the 
  importation 
  

   of 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  species 
  of 
  plants 
  from 
  a 
  given 
  country 
  of 
  origin. 
  It 
  is 
  

   a 
  measure 
  possessing 
  little 
  practical 
  value. 
  Even 
  where 
  the 
  prohibition 
  

   is 
  limited, 
  commerce 
  is 
  gravely 
  interfered 
  with. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  considers 
  the 
  following 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  ideal 
  system 
  of 
  protection 
  

   against 
  the 
  importation 
  of 
  exotic 
  pests 
  : 
  — 
  Inspection 
  on 
  arrival, 
  carried 
  

   out 
  by 
  a 
  fully 
  competent 
  staff 
  and 
  supplemented 
  by 
  certificates, 
  

   fumigation 
  and 
  quarantine. 
  Since 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  every 
  precaution, 
  

   infection 
  is 
  always 
  possible, 
  it 
  sometimes 
  becomes 
  necessary 
  to 
  stamp 
  

   out 
  the 
  pest. 
  This 
  is 
  only 
  where 
  the 
  infection 
  is 
  confined 
  to 
  a 
  limited 
  

   area. 
  When 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  impossible 
  to 
  check 
  the 
  pest 
  its 
  surroundings 
  

   may 
  be 
  rendered 
  unfavourable 
  to 
  it 
  by 
  cultural 
  methods 
  and 
  by 
  

   increasing 
  the 
  powers 
  of 
  resistance 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  attacked. 
  

  

  Koux 
  (E.). 
  Note 
  sur 
  la 
  necessite 
  de 
  I'emploi 
  des 
  substances 
  vene- 
  

   neuses, 
  et 
  notamment 
  de 
  I'arseniate 
  de 
  plomb, 
  en 
  agriculture. 
  [The 
  

   necessity 
  of 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  poisons 
  in 
  agriculture, 
  paiticularly 
  of 
  

   arsenate 
  of 
  lead.] 
  — 
  Ann. 
  du 
  Service 
  des 
  Epiphyties 
  (1912), 
  Paris, 
  

   1913, 
  pp. 
  51-56. 
  [Keceived 
  18th 
  Feb. 
  1914.] 
  

  

  A 
  proof 
  of 
  the 
  accepted 
  value 
  of 
  arsenicals 
  in 
  insect 
  pest 
  control 
  

   is 
  furnished 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  in 
  1911 
  the 
  Department 
  of 
  Herault 
  alone 
  

   used 
  300 
  tons 
  of 
  arsenical 
  compounds. 
  These 
  products 
  are 
  costly 
  

   and 
  there 
  must 
  be 
  good 
  reason 
  for 
  the 
  expenditure 
  incurred. 
  The 
  

   analysis 
  of 
  grapes, 
  wines 
  and 
  vintage 
  pressings, 
  collected 
  from 
  all 
  

   parts 
  of 
  the 
  vine-growling 
  districts, 
  in 
  September 
  1911, 
  after 
  an 
  

   exceptionally 
  dry 
  summer, 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  arsenate 
  had 
  

   not 
  been 
  washed 
  away 
  by 
  rain, 
  showed 
  that 
  traces 
  of 
  the 
  poison 
  were 
  

   only 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  pressings 
  and 
  grapes. 
  This, 
  too, 
  only 
  in 
  cases 
  

   where 
  the 
  arsenate 
  had 
  been 
  applied 
  on 
  formed 
  grapes 
  in 
  direct 
  

   violation 
  of 
  the 
  regulations. 
  These 
  results 
  lead 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  

   that 
  considerable 
  quantities 
  of 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  with 
  

   impunity. 
  

  

  