﻿401 
  

  

  At 
  high 
  temperatures 
  all 
  stages 
  were 
  greatly 
  accelerated, 
  being 
  con- 
  

   sequently 
  of 
  smaller 
  size 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  development 
  had 
  

   been 
  less 
  hurried. 
  The 
  author 
  believes 
  6 
  generations 
  to 
  be 
  possible 
  

   in 
  the 
  South 
  of 
  France 
  mider 
  normal 
  conditions. 
  The 
  possibility 
  

   of 
  the 
  insect 
  being 
  introduced 
  into 
  the 
  North 
  of 
  France 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  

   serious, 
  and 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  there 
  will 
  evidently 
  be 
  of 
  a 
  less 
  severe 
  

   character. 
  The 
  author 
  also 
  deals 
  with 
  parthogenesis 
  in 
  this 
  insect. 
  

   [See 
  this 
  Revieiv, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  i, 
  p. 
  166.] 
  Solanaceous 
  plants 
  on 
  which 
  

   this 
  insect 
  occurs, 
  other 
  than 
  the 
  potato, 
  are 
  : 
  — 
  Solanum 
  maglia, 
  

   S. 
  commersoni, 
  S. 
  dulcamara 
  (bittersweet), 
  S. 
  miniatum 
  (red 
  night- 
  

   shade), 
  S. 
  melongena 
  (egg-fruit), 
  S. 
  lycopersicum 
  (tomato), 
  Cajjsicinn 
  

   annuum 
  (red 
  pepper), 
  Nicotiana 
  tahacum 
  and 
  N. 
  sylvestris 
  (tobacco), 
  

   Hyoscyamus 
  alhiis 
  (white 
  henbane), 
  Lycium 
  eiiropaeiim 
  (European 
  box- 
  

   thorn), 
  and 
  Fahiana 
  imhricata 
  (false 
  heath). 
  Other 
  plants 
  frequented 
  

   are 
  : 
  — 
  Verbascum 
  sinuatum 
  (mullein), 
  Cynoglossum 
  pictum 
  (hound's- 
  

   tongue), 
  Linaria 
  vulgaris 
  (toad-flax), 
  Pyrus 
  mains 
  (apple), 
  and 
  Typha 
  

   angustifolia 
  (small 
  bulrush). 
  Smooth 
  surfaces 
  are 
  not 
  suited 
  for 
  

   oviposition, 
  which 
  is 
  only 
  stimulated 
  by 
  uneveness 
  in 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  

   the 
  host. 
  The 
  various 
  Solanaceae 
  all 
  appear 
  to 
  possess 
  the 
  property 
  

   of 
  attracting 
  the 
  moth, 
  but 
  the 
  potato 
  is 
  preferred 
  to 
  the 
  others. 
  The 
  

   alimentary 
  instinct 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  is 
  also 
  determined 
  in 
  some 
  measure 
  

   by 
  this 
  matter 
  of 
  surface, 
  but 
  the 
  two 
  instincts 
  are 
  not 
  completely 
  

   correlated 
  and 
  the 
  plants 
  agreeable 
  to 
  the 
  egg-laying 
  female 
  are 
  not 
  

   always 
  those 
  acceptable 
  to 
  the 
  larva. 
  This 
  pest 
  is 
  very 
  widely 
  

   distributed, 
  the 
  following 
  countries 
  being 
  specially 
  mentioned 
  : 
  — 
  

   United 
  States, 
  Australia, 
  Tasmania, 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  Cape 
  Colony, 
  

   British 
  India, 
  Algeria, 
  France, 
  Italy, 
  Spain, 
  Canary 
  Islands 
  and 
  Azores. 
  

   In 
  France, 
  the 
  moth 
  was 
  at 
  first 
  confined 
  to 
  a 
  narrow 
  strip 
  of 
  coast 
  in 
  

   the 
  Department 
  of 
  Var 
  in 
  the 
  South, 
  where 
  it 
  was 
  first 
  noticed 
  near 
  

   Cogolin, 
  in 
  1906. 
  The 
  author 
  believes 
  it 
  to 
  have 
  originally 
  come 
  from 
  

   the 
  American 
  continent, 
  or 
  perhaps 
  Tasmania 
  or 
  Australia, 
  but 
  a 
  

   Mediterranean 
  origin 
  must 
  be 
  excluded. 
  The 
  chances 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  

   being 
  carried 
  from 
  Var 
  to 
  Britanny 
  and 
  Normandy 
  are 
  very 
  small. 
  

   No 
  insect 
  parasite 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  yet. 
  The 
  author 
  experi- 
  

   mented 
  with 
  fungi 
  and 
  though 
  success 
  was 
  far 
  from 
  being 
  complete 
  

   with 
  Beauveria 
  globulifera, 
  B. 
  hassiana 
  and 
  Spicariafarinosa, 
  the 
  results 
  

   were 
  distinctly 
  encouraging. 
  A 
  case 
  of 
  natural 
  infection 
  by 
  Beauveria 
  

   effusa 
  also 
  points 
  to 
  this 
  fungus 
  being 
  of 
  use. 
  The 
  author 
  succeeded, 
  

   though 
  w^ith 
  difficulty, 
  in 
  infecting 
  Phthorimaea 
  larvae 
  with 
  Nosema 
  

   bombycis. 
  Attempts 
  to 
  infect 
  the 
  larvae 
  with 
  " 
  grasserie 
  " 
  were 
  but 
  

   very 
  moderately 
  successful. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  considers 
  that 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  habitat 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  is 
  

   confined 
  to 
  the 
  area 
  attacked 
  in 
  1912, 
  the 
  principal 
  measures 
  to 
  adopt 
  

   are 
  the 
  immediate 
  destruction 
  of 
  infested 
  potatoes, 
  the 
  storage 
  of 
  sound 
  

   ones 
  under 
  a 
  layer 
  of 
  sand, 
  and 
  the 
  disinfection 
  of 
  infected 
  premises 
  

   with 
  petroleum 
  or 
  petroleum-soap 
  emulsions. 
  Experiments 
  with 
  lead 
  

   arsenate 
  appear 
  to 
  prove 
  that 
  it 
  acts 
  as 
  an 
  insectifuge 
  on 
  the 
  adult 
  

   and 
  may 
  entirely 
  prevent 
  oviposition, 
  but 
  that 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  harm 
  the 
  

   eggs 
  and 
  does 
  not 
  hinder 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  larva. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  

   insecticidal 
  gases 
  does 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  present 
  much 
  hope 
  of 
  success. 
  Light 
  

   traps 
  are 
  useful 
  in 
  helping 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  pest 
  down, 
  but 
  cannot 
  be 
  a 
  

   means 
  of 
  exterminating 
  it. 
  Control 
  must 
  be 
  based 
  on 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  

   layer 
  of 
  sand 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  female 
  from 
  laying 
  eggs 
  on 
  stored 
  potatoes. 
  

  

  (C37) 
  E 
  

  

  