﻿414 
  

  

  Although 
  primarily 
  written 
  from 
  the 
  standpoint 
  of 
  the 
  German 
  

   colonist, 
  all 
  rubber-growing 
  countries 
  are 
  fully 
  considered. 
  In 
  the 
  

   case 
  of 
  insects 
  attacking 
  food-plants 
  other 
  than 
  rubber, 
  those 
  which 
  

   are 
  of 
  economic 
  importance 
  are 
  recorded. 
  The 
  insects 
  are 
  arranged 
  

   according 
  to 
  their 
  orders 
  and 
  the 
  book 
  has 
  a 
  useful 
  index. 
  

  

  Castilloa 
  elastica. 
  Young 
  2-3 
  years 
  old 
  trees 
  are 
  attacked 
  by 
  Inesida 
  

   leprosa, 
  Fab., 
  a 
  Longicorn, 
  the 
  young 
  larva 
  of 
  which 
  bores 
  galleries 
  

   between 
  the 
  bark 
  and 
  the 
  wood 
  which 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  discovered 
  by 
  the 
  

   presence 
  of 
  the 
  entrance 
  hole 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  frass. 
  Older 
  larvae 
  bore 
  

   deeper 
  into 
  the 
  wood. 
  As 
  a 
  rule 
  this 
  pest 
  is 
  peculiar 
  to 
  Castilloa, 
  and 
  

   appears 
  to 
  be 
  destroyed 
  by 
  the 
  rapid 
  growth 
  which 
  follows 
  heavy 
  

   rains. 
  It 
  seldom 
  attacks 
  trees 
  standing 
  in 
  deep 
  shade. 
  It 
  has 
  often 
  

   destroyed 
  entire 
  plantations, 
  and 
  in 
  Kamerun 
  Castilloa 
  is 
  no 
  longer 
  

   planted. 
  This 
  tree 
  is 
  also 
  attacked 
  there 
  by 
  Metopodontus 
  savagei, 
  

   Hope, 
  and 
  Metopodontus 
  ductus, 
  Montr., 
  but 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  these 
  

   Lucanids 
  only 
  appear 
  on 
  plants 
  already 
  injured 
  and 
  can 
  scarcely 
  be 
  

   regarded 
  as 
  causing 
  primary 
  injury. 
  Peirognatha 
  gigas, 
  Fab., 
  is 
  also 
  

   a 
  pest 
  in 
  Kamerun 
  and 
  Hawaii. 
  Xyleborus 
  affinis, 
  Eichh., 
  damages 
  

   Castilloa 
  if 
  the 
  trees 
  are 
  deficient 
  in 
  latex 
  through 
  tapping. 
  Another 
  

   pest 
  is 
  Crossotarsus 
  brevis, 
  Strohm., 
  of 
  which, 
  however, 
  but 
  little 
  is 
  

   known. 
  

  

  Ficus 
  elastica. 
  In 
  Kamerun 
  this 
  tree 
  is 
  attacked 
  by 
  Petrognatha 
  

   gigas, 
  Fab., 
  and 
  var. 
  spinosa, 
  Kolbe. 
  As 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  this 
  beetle 
  are 
  

   very 
  large, 
  the 
  gallery 
  is 
  of 
  corresponding 
  size 
  and 
  a 
  single 
  larva 
  may 
  

   sometimes 
  kill 
  a 
  young 
  tree, 
  but 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  

   is 
  not 
  extensive. 
  The 
  adults 
  of 
  the 
  beetle 
  Sternotomis 
  bohemani, 
  

   Chevr., 
  sometimes 
  defoliate 
  entire 
  branches 
  in 
  German 
  East 
  Africa. 
  

   The 
  Coccid 
  Ceroplastes 
  ficus, 
  Newst., 
  is 
  perhaps 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  this 
  tree, 
  and 
  

   also 
  Ceroplastes 
  quadrilineatus, 
  Newst., 
  and 
  Pulvinaria 
  jacksoni, 
  Newst 
  

  

  Ficus 
  infectoria 
  and 
  Ficus 
  religiosa 
  are 
  both 
  attacked 
  in 
  the 
  

   Cameroons 
  by 
  Petrognatha 
  gigas, 
  

  

  Hevea 
  brasiliensis. 
  Xyleborus 
  affinis, 
  Eichh., 
  does 
  much 
  damage 
  to 
  

   Hevea 
  in 
  Kamerun 
  and 
  Hawaii, 
  but 
  as 
  with 
  Castilloa, 
  only 
  trees 
  

   depleted 
  of 
  sap 
  are 
  injured. 
  Careless 
  tapping 
  exposes 
  the 
  wood 
  and 
  

   favours 
  attack. 
  The 
  galleries 
  are 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  X. 
  dryograplius, 
  

   Baly. 
  From 
  a 
  vertical 
  gallery, 
  horizontal 
  branches 
  of 
  unequal 
  length 
  

   are 
  made. 
  X. 
  affinis 
  is 
  associated 
  with 
  an 
  Ambrosia 
  fungus 
  in 
  the 
  

   galleries 
  and 
  feeds 
  on 
  it. 
  X. 
  ambasius, 
  another 
  pest 
  of 
  Hevea 
  in 
  

   Kamerun, 
  does 
  the 
  same, 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  smaller 
  X. 
  camerunus, 
  Haged. 
  

   X. 
  cognatus, 
  Haged., 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  Hevea 
  seedHngs 
  from 
  Ceylon. 
  It 
  

   bores 
  horizontally 
  until 
  it 
  reaches 
  the 
  pith 
  which 
  it 
  then 
  hollows 
  out 
  

   almost 
  throughout 
  its 
  length 
  ; 
  a 
  fungus 
  is 
  also 
  associated 
  with 
  it. 
  Old 
  

   plants 
  are 
  little 
  attacked 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  young 
  twigs. 
  Of 
  Stephanoderes 
  

   heveae, 
  Haged., 
  and 
  Cryphalus 
  congonus, 
  Haged., 
  nothing 
  is 
  known 
  

   except 
  that 
  they 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Belgian 
  Congo 
  and 
  attack 
  Hevea. 
  

   On 
  trees 
  infested 
  with 
  these 
  two 
  insects, 
  Hypothenemus 
  tuberculosus, 
  

   Haged., 
  was 
  also 
  found 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  possible 
  to 
  ascertain 
  which 
  

   of 
  the 
  pests 
  had 
  produced 
  the 
  various 
  galleries. 
  The 
  smaller 
  

   galleries 
  made 
  between 
  the 
  bark 
  and 
  the 
  wood 
  are 
  probably 
  due 
  to 
  

   H. 
  tuberculosus 
  and 
  the 
  larger 
  ones 
  extending 
  to 
  the 
  pith 
  may 
  be 
  

   attributed 
  to 
  the 
  two 
  Stephanoderes. 
  The 
  caterpillar 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  

   Orgyia 
  postica, 
  Wlk., 
  feeds 
  on 
  Hevea 
  leaves 
  in 
  Java 
  and 
  Ceylon, 
  

  

  