﻿423 
  

  

  drops 
  therefore 
  falling 
  to 
  the 
  ground. 
  The 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  

   generation 
  proceeds 
  rapidly 
  at 
  the 
  beginning 
  and 
  middle 
  of 
  August, 
  

   and 
  if 
  remedies 
  are 
  not 
  apphed 
  in 
  time 
  the 
  trees 
  may 
  be 
  defohated 
  by 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  August. 
  The 
  " 
  dew 
  " 
  on 
  the 
  trees 
  and 
  fruits 
  favours 
  the 
  

   development 
  of 
  a 
  fungus 
  which 
  lowers 
  the 
  commercial 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  

   fruit. 
  

  

  The 
  best 
  time 
  for 
  attacking 
  the 
  pest 
  is 
  the 
  moment 
  when 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   appear, 
  and 
  spraying 
  must 
  then 
  be 
  immediately 
  apphed 
  and 
  repeated 
  

   when 
  necessary. 
  The 
  best 
  insecticide 
  is 
  the 
  kerosene-lime 
  emulsion 
  

   which 
  the 
  author 
  had 
  already 
  tried 
  in 
  1910 
  in 
  the 
  Crimea. 
  He 
  gives 
  

   the 
  following 
  recipe 
  for 
  this 
  : 
  — 
  1 
  lb. 
  of 
  hme 
  is 
  slaked 
  in 
  IJ 
  pints 
  of 
  

   water, 
  to 
  which 
  1 
  lb. 
  of 
  kerosene 
  is 
  afterwards 
  added, 
  the 
  liquid 
  being 
  

   stirred 
  all 
  the 
  time. 
  This 
  emulsion 
  destroys 
  not 
  only 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   and 
  nymphs, 
  but 
  also 
  the 
  adults, 
  and 
  is 
  effective 
  against 
  aphids 
  

   When 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  older 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  kerosene 
  may 
  be 
  doubled. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  thinks 
  that 
  the 
  fine 
  particles 
  of 
  kerosene 
  become 
  covered 
  

   with 
  hydrated 
  lime 
  and 
  that 
  this 
  prevents 
  the 
  injurious 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  

   kerosene 
  on 
  the 
  trees, 
  and 
  secured 
  the 
  good 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  applying 
  

   this 
  insecticide 
  in 
  one 
  locahty, 
  which 
  in 
  1912 
  was 
  considered 
  the 
  

   breeding 
  focus 
  of 
  the 
  pests. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  about 
  2| 
  gallons 
  of 
  this 
  

   insecticide 
  is 
  about 
  Id., 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  tobacco 
  decoction 
  it 
  is 
  3d., 
  

   and 
  of 
  quassia 
  4Jc?. 
  The 
  author 
  denies 
  the 
  statement 
  that 
  kerosene 
  

   injures 
  the 
  rubber 
  hose 
  of 
  the 
  sprayers. 
  

  

  BoGOLjuBov 
  (S.). 
  HoBbiM 
  BMAia 
  Hat3flHMKa-napa3MTa 
  xjionKoearo 
  

   Kopo6oMHaro 
  Hepen 
  : 
  ero 
  6ionorifl 
  m 
  ero 
  cejibCKO— 
  xosflHCTseHHoe 
  

   SHaneHie. 
  — 
  [A 
  new 
  species 
  of 
  Habrobracon 
  sp., 
  parasitising 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  of 
  Chhridea 
  obsoleta, 
  F. 
  : 
  its 
  biology 
  and 
  its 
  agricultural 
  

   importance.] 
  «TypKeCTaHCKOe 
  CenbCKOe 
  X03fiMCTB0.» 
  [Agricul- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  Turkestan], 
  Tashkent, 
  no. 
  3, 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  281-291, 
  5 
  figs. 
  

  

  Chhridea 
  obsoleta 
  (Heliothis 
  armigera) 
  and 
  Laphygma 
  (Caradrina) 
  

   exigua 
  were 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Tashkent 
  during 
  1913 
  on 
  tomato 
  

   plants 
  and 
  invaded 
  even 
  the 
  adjoining 
  cotton 
  plantations. 
  The 
  

   caterpillars 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  pest 
  have 
  been 
  attacked 
  there 
  by 
  a 
  small 
  

   parasite, 
  which 
  will 
  shortly 
  be 
  described 
  by 
  Kokujev, 
  as 
  a 
  new 
  species 
  

   of 
  Habrobracon. 
  The 
  author 
  gives 
  a 
  short 
  description 
  and 
  a 
  figure 
  of 
  

   the 
  parasite, 
  which 
  was 
  first 
  found 
  by 
  him 
  on 
  14th 
  July 
  1913 
  in 
  some 
  

   tomato 
  fields. 
  While 
  searching 
  for 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  C. 
  obsoleta 
  he 
  

   frequently 
  found 
  motionless, 
  soft, 
  but 
  not 
  decomposed 
  caterpillars 
  

   which 
  had 
  not 
  changed 
  colour 
  ; 
  they 
  were 
  usually 
  hanging 
  upside 
  

   down, 
  holding 
  on 
  with 
  their 
  legs 
  to 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  the 
  holes 
  

   made 
  on 
  the 
  underside 
  of 
  the 
  fruit. 
  Evidently 
  the 
  object 
  of 
  the 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  is 
  to 
  protect 
  themselves 
  against 
  attacks 
  from 
  various 
  enemies 
  

   and 
  in 
  all 
  cases 
  where 
  the 
  entrance 
  to 
  their 
  burrows 
  was 
  

   well 
  hidden, 
  they 
  were 
  found 
  healthy, 
  while 
  in 
  cases 
  where 
  this 
  

   had 
  not 
  been 
  done, 
  the 
  caterpillars 
  had 
  been 
  attacked 
  This 
  

   led 
  the 
  author 
  to 
  think 
  that 
  the 
  disease 
  was 
  not 
  due 
  to 
  a 
  fungus, 
  

   against 
  which 
  concealment 
  would 
  be 
  no 
  protection, 
  but 
  to 
  a 
  parasite, 
  

   and 
  after 
  a 
  prolonged 
  search, 
  he 
  found 
  one 
  parasite 
  inside 
  a 
  fruit, 
  

   in 
  which 
  a 
  hole 
  had 
  been 
  gnawed 
  previously 
  by 
  a 
  caterpillar. 
  The 
  

   author 
  placed 
  this 
  individual 
  and 
  a 
  larva 
  of 
  C. 
  obsoleta 
  in 
  a 
  glass 
  

   and 
  was 
  able 
  to 
  observe 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  attack. 
  The 
  parasite 
  showed 
  

  

  