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  great 
  patience 
  and 
  caution 
  in 
  approaching 
  its 
  victim, 
  and 
  after 
  a 
  

   considerable 
  interval, 
  pierced 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillar 
  with 
  its 
  

   ovipositor, 
  repeating 
  the 
  attack 
  until 
  the 
  caterpillar 
  became 
  paralysed. 
  

   After 
  this 
  the 
  parasite 
  drinks 
  the 
  juices 
  from 
  the 
  wounds, 
  and 
  then 
  

   proceeds 
  to 
  oviposit. 
  Ten 
  eggs 
  of 
  relatively 
  large 
  size, 
  the 
  egg 
  being 
  

   J 
  mm. 
  long, 
  while 
  the 
  parasite 
  is 
  only 
  5 
  mm. 
  long, 
  were 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  

   host. 
  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  parasite 
  hatched 
  on 
  the 
  third 
  day 
  and 
  

   penetrated 
  into 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillar. 
  These 
  

   larvae 
  are 
  of 
  a 
  yellow 
  colour, 
  but 
  change 
  while 
  feeding 
  to 
  the 
  colour 
  

   of 
  the 
  host. 
  They 
  grow 
  very 
  quickly, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  second 
  morning 
  

   eight 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  ten 
  larvae 
  were 
  preparing 
  cocoons. 
  

  

  Pupation 
  took 
  place 
  either 
  on 
  or 
  near 
  the 
  caterpillar's 
  body, 
  and 
  

   the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  lasted 
  5 
  days, 
  8 
  days 
  being 
  thus 
  required 
  for 
  the 
  

   development 
  of 
  the 
  parasites. 
  Only 
  females 
  were 
  reared 
  from 
  the 
  

   ten 
  pupae. 
  Three 
  of 
  these 
  oviposited 
  parthenogenetically 
  on 
  

   caterpillars 
  offered 
  for 
  this 
  purpose, 
  and 
  produced 
  males 
  ; 
  the 
  antennae 
  

   of 
  which 
  are 
  longer 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  females. 
  The 
  rearing 
  of 
  

   further 
  generations 
  continued 
  till 
  late 
  in 
  autumn, 
  and 
  as 
  the 
  weather 
  

   became 
  colder, 
  the 
  time 
  required 
  for 
  development 
  was 
  longer. 
  At 
  the 
  

   end 
  of 
  the 
  summer 
  it 
  was 
  about 
  2 
  weeks, 
  in 
  September 
  18-20 
  days. 
  

   The 
  number 
  of 
  caterpillars 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  parasites 
  was 
  very 
  great, 
  

   and 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  was 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  healthy 
  caterpillars. 
  

  

  Habrobracon 
  jplotnikovii 
  attacked 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  C. 
  obsoleta 
  and 
  

   Laphygma 
  exigucTin 
  the 
  open, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  laboratory 
  (but 
  not 
  in 
  

   nature) 
  also 
  those 
  of 
  Polia 
  suasa, 
  Schiff. 
  (Mamestra 
  dissimilis, 
  Knoch), 
  

   Pieris 
  brassicae, 
  L., 
  Colias 
  and 
  TepJirina 
  arenacearia, 
  -Hb. 
  The 
  

   parasites 
  also 
  tried 
  to 
  attack 
  in 
  the 
  laboratory 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  Cydia 
  

   pomonella, 
  but 
  were 
  imisuccessful 
  owing 
  to 
  their 
  strength. 
  With 
  the 
  

   assistance 
  of 
  the 
  author 
  the 
  parasite 
  was 
  able 
  to 
  drive 
  its 
  ovipositor 
  

   several 
  times 
  into 
  an 
  individual, 
  but 
  without 
  effect, 
  the 
  caterpillar 
  

   being 
  quite 
  healthy 
  the 
  next 
  morning. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  suggests 
  the 
  breeding 
  of 
  these 
  insects 
  by 
  keeping 
  the 
  

   parasitised 
  caterpillars 
  of 
  C. 
  obsoleta 
  found 
  during 
  the 
  harvest 
  of 
  

   tomatoes 
  and 
  thus 
  allowing 
  them 
  to 
  complete 
  their 
  development. 
  

  

  Vassiliev 
  (Eug. 
  M.). 
  BawHtniuifl 
  noepewfleHifl 
  vi 
  6ont3HM 
  xpusan- 
  

  

  leMTa. 
  [The 
  principal 
  injuries 
  to 
  and 
  diseases 
  of 
  chrysan- 
  

   themums.] 
  — 
  Eeprint 
  from 
  «CaflOBOA'b 
  M 
  OropOflHMKT3.» 
  [Horticul- 
  

   turist 
  and 
  Market-Gardener,] 
  Kiev, 
  nos. 
  6-7, 
  Feb. 
  1914, 
  8 
  pp. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  gives 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  pests 
  of 
  chrysanthemums 
  based 
  on 
  an 
  

   article 
  by 
  G. 
  Guenaux 
  in 
  La 
  Vie 
  Agricole 
  et 
  Rurale 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

   observations 
  conducted 
  at 
  the 
  Station 
  in 
  Smiela 
  by 
  himself 
  and 
  

   Gogo 
  j 
  avlenskaj 
  a 
  . 
  

  

  Heterodera 
  radicicola, 
  Greef. 
  This 
  worm 
  penetrates 
  into 
  the 
  tips 
  

   of 
  the 
  smallest 
  roots, 
  causing 
  galls 
  on 
  them. 
  As 
  remedies 
  the 
  author 
  

   suggests 
  : 
  replanting 
  in 
  sterilised 
  soil 
  after 
  the 
  swellings 
  on 
  the 
  roots 
  

   have 
  been 
  removed, 
  and 
  not 
  manuring 
  with 
  night 
  soil 
  unless 
  a 
  solution 
  

   of 
  iron 
  sulphate 
  in 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  1 
  gram 
  in 
  a 
  litre 
  of 
  water 
  is 
  added 
  

   to 
  it. 
  

  

  Aphelencus 
  olesistus, 
  Ritz. 
  Bos, 
  destroys 
  the 
  tissues 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  

   is 
  also 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  of 
  cultivated 
  ferns 
  (Pteris, 
  Asplenium 
  etc.). 
  The 
  

   removal 
  and 
  burning 
  of 
  the 
  attacked 
  leaves 
  is 
  recommended. 
  

  

  