﻿¥ 
  

  

  429 
  

  

  In 
  conclusion, 
  the 
  author 
  draws 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  necessity 
  of 
  knowing 
  

   the 
  biology 
  of 
  various 
  insects 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  conduct 
  a 
  successful 
  campaign 
  

   against 
  them. 
  He 
  gives 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  pamphlets 
  on 
  pests 
  issued 
  by 
  the 
  

   Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  of 
  the 
  Russian 
  Department 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  and 
  

   by 
  the 
  various 
  Zemstvos. 
  

  

  I 
  

  

  LiNDiNGER 
  (L.). 
  Afrikanische 
  Schildlause. 
  [African 
  Scale-Insects.] 
  

   — 
  Station 
  fur 
  Pflanzenschutz, 
  Hamburg, 
  xv, 
  1913, 
  42 
  pp., 
  9 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  paper 
  deals 
  with 
  the 
  scale-insects 
  of 
  German 
  East 
  

   Africa 
  ; 
  eight 
  new 
  species 
  are 
  described 
  ; 
  including 
  these, 
  the 
  number 
  

   of 
  species 
  recorded 
  is 
  88, 
  representing 
  28 
  genera 
  and 
  7 
  sub-families. 
  

   A 
  key 
  for 
  the 
  determination 
  of 
  the 
  sub-families 
  is 
  given, 
  followed 
  by 
  

   a 
  descriptive 
  list 
  of 
  the 
  species. 
  The 
  following 
  are 
  the 
  new 
  species 
  

   described 
  : 
  Aspidiotus 
  elsgans, 
  A. 
  tectonae, 
  Chionaspis 
  usambarica, 
  

   Icerya 
  splendida, 
  I. 
  sulfurea, 
  Lophococcus 
  carinatus, 
  L. 
  glaber 
  and 
  

   L. 
  parvus. 
  A 
  list 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  plants 
  attacked, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  

   associated 
  with 
  each. 
  The 
  following 
  are 
  of 
  economic 
  importance 
  : 
  

   Phenacoccus 
  obtusus 
  on 
  Adansonia 
  digitata, 
  Albizzia 
  lebbek, 
  EncepJia- 
  

   lartus 
  sp., 
  Gossypium 
  sp., 
  Landolphia 
  sp., 
  and 
  Tectona 
  grandis. 
  

   Pszudoooccus 
  citri, 
  on 
  Ananas 
  sativus, 
  Gossypium 
  sp., 
  Coffea 
  arabica 
  

   and 
  Solanum 
  tuberosum. 
  Icerya 
  aegyptiaca 
  on 
  Acalypha 
  sp., 
  Ficus 
  

   indica, 
  and 
  Rosa 
  sp. 
  Orthezia 
  insignis 
  on 
  Coleus 
  sp., 
  Mina 
  lobata, 
  

   and 
  Solanum 
  seaforthianum. 
  Aspidiotus 
  des'ructor 
  on 
  Agave 
  mexicana, 
  

   Cinnimomum 
  cimphora, 
  Cocos 
  nucifera, 
  Manihot 
  glaziovii, 
  palms, 
  

   Pandanus 
  iitilis, 
  Syzygium 
  jambolanum, 
  and 
  Piper 
  subpeltatum. 
  

   Aulacaspis 
  rosa? 
  on 
  Rosa 
  sp. 
  Le:anium 
  nigrum 
  on 
  Flacourtia 
  

   sapinda, 
  Gossypium 
  sp., 
  Inga 
  sp., 
  and 
  Manihot 
  glaziovii. 
  L. 
  viride 
  

   on 
  Coffea 
  arabica. 
  

  

  A 
  descriptive 
  list 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  Coccids 
  found 
  in 
  East 
  Africa 
  outside 
  

   German 
  territory 
  is 
  added, 
  including 
  8 
  species 
  of 
  which 
  2 
  are 
  new, 
  

   namely 
  Aspidiotus 
  soco'ranus 
  and 
  Furcaspis 
  rufa. 
  

  

  Wahl 
  (B.). 
  Schnakenlarven 
  als 
  Pflanzenschadlinge. 
  [Tipulid 
  larvae 
  

   as 
  pests 
  of 
  plants.]— 
  M^V^. 
  k. 
  k. 
  Pflanzenschutzstation, 
  Vienna, 
  

   n.d., 
  4 
  pp., 
  4 
  figs. 
  [Received 
  27th 
  April 
  1914.] 
  

  

  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  Tipulid 
  ae, 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  genera 
  Tipula 
  and 
  

   Packyrrhina, 
  the 
  most 
  abundant 
  species 
  being 
  probably 
  Tipula 
  

   oleracea, 
  are 
  common 
  pests 
  in 
  Austria. 
  The 
  plants 
  most 
  liable 
  to 
  

   attack 
  are 
  those 
  which 
  are 
  low-growing, 
  such 
  as 
  turnips, 
  potatoes, 
  

   peas, 
  beans, 
  lettuces, 
  tobacco 
  and 
  ornamental 
  flowering 
  plants 
  ; 
  

   also 
  grasses 
  and 
  wheat, 
  the 
  damage 
  being 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  feeding 
  

   on 
  the 
  foliage. 
  

  

  Most 
  TiPULiDAE 
  have 
  a 
  single 
  generation 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  ; 
  T. 
  oleracea 
  

   and 
  a 
  few 
  other 
  species 
  have 
  two 
  or 
  more. 
  The 
  adults 
  are 
  found 
  

   during 
  the 
  summer, 
  each 
  female 
  laying 
  from 
  200 
  to 
  250 
  eggs 
  or 
  more 
  on 
  

   the 
  earth. 
  The 
  legless 
  larvae 
  hatch 
  in 
  two 
  to 
  three 
  weeks 
  and 
  at 
  

   first 
  feed 
  in 
  the 
  soil, 
  but 
  later 
  on 
  living 
  plants. 
  They 
  pupate 
  in 
  the 
  

   earth 
  towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May 
  and 
  during 
  June, 
  the 
  adult 
  fly 
  emerging 
  

   two 
  weeks 
  later. 
  Damage 
  is 
  particularly 
  serious 
  in 
  marshy 
  places, 
  

   these 
  affording 
  the 
  most 
  suitable 
  breeding 
  grounds 
  for 
  the 
  flies. 
  

  

  The 
  use 
  of 
  mineral 
  manures 
  only, 
  rotation 
  of 
  crops 
  and 
  good 
  drainage 
  

  

  