﻿432 
  

  

  former 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  damage 
  trees. 
  It 
  is 
  applied 
  warm 
  with 
  a 
  

   brush 
  after 
  removing 
  the 
  soil 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  4 
  or 
  5 
  inches 
  ; 
  the 
  trunk 
  should 
  

   be 
  covered 
  to 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  about 
  6 
  inches 
  above 
  the 
  ground 
  level, 
  

   applpng 
  a 
  hght 
  coat 
  first, 
  followed 
  by 
  another 
  when 
  dry, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  

   may 
  be 
  unbroken 
  all 
  round. 
  This 
  must 
  be 
  retouched 
  each 
  year, 
  a 
  

   heater 
  being 
  required 
  to 
  melt 
  the 
  asphalt 
  and 
  keep 
  it 
  liquid. 
  

  

  The 
  lesser 
  peach 
  borer 
  (Synanthedon 
  pictipes, 
  G. 
  & 
  R.) 
  closely 
  

   resembles 
  the 
  last 
  insect 
  and 
  attacks 
  the 
  larger 
  branches 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   the 
  trunk, 
  chiefly 
  above 
  the 
  ground. 
  The 
  hfe-history 
  is 
  very 
  similar, 
  

   but 
  the 
  larva 
  seldom 
  enters 
  except 
  through 
  a 
  wound, 
  so 
  that 
  digging 
  

   out 
  the 
  larvae, 
  when 
  present, 
  and 
  careful 
  pruning 
  should 
  prove 
  

   effective 
  means 
  of 
  control. 
  Wounds 
  should 
  be 
  cleaned 
  with 
  a 
  knife 
  

   and 
  covered 
  with 
  white 
  paint 
  diluted 
  with 
  linseed 
  oil. 
  This 
  insect 
  

   also 
  attacks 
  cherry 
  and 
  plum 
  trees. 
  

  

  The 
  plum 
  Curcuho 
  {Conotracheliis 
  nenuphar) 
  attacks 
  the 
  peach, 
  

   plum, 
  apple, 
  pear, 
  cherry 
  and 
  apricot, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  has 
  also 
  seen 
  

   gooseberries 
  damaged 
  by 
  it. 
  Soon 
  after 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  set 
  in 
  spring 
  

   and 
  for 
  a 
  couple 
  of 
  weeks 
  afterwards, 
  the 
  beetle 
  makes 
  crescent- 
  

   shaped 
  cuts 
  on 
  the 
  fruit, 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  oviposits. 
  The 
  eggs 
  hatch 
  in 
  

   about 
  a 
  week 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  work 
  their 
  way 
  into 
  the 
  fruit, 
  causing 
  it 
  

   to 
  fall. 
  In 
  the 
  fallen 
  fruit 
  the 
  larva 
  develops 
  in 
  about 
  three 
  weeks, 
  and 
  

   enters 
  the 
  soil 
  to 
  pupate, 
  the 
  beetle 
  emerging 
  about 
  August 
  and 
  feeding 
  

   on 
  the 
  peaches. 
  With 
  the 
  advent 
  of 
  severe 
  frosts, 
  they 
  hide 
  among 
  

   rubbish 
  and 
  long 
  grass, 
  etc., 
  and 
  orchards 
  should 
  always 
  be 
  kept 
  free 
  

   from 
  such 
  accumulations. 
  The 
  trees 
  should 
  be 
  sprayed 
  thoroughly 
  

   with 
  2 
  or 
  3 
  lb. 
  of 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  in 
  40 
  gallons 
  of 
  water 
  when 
  the 
  

   fruit 
  is 
  about 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  a 
  hazel 
  nut, 
  a 
  httle 
  lime 
  being 
  added 
  as 
  a 
  

   precaution 
  against 
  burning. 
  Sulphur 
  compounds 
  or 
  Bordeaux 
  

   mixture 
  cannot 
  be 
  used 
  on 
  peach 
  trees 
  after 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  out, 
  as 
  they 
  

   will 
  burn 
  them. 
  The 
  only 
  safe 
  fungicide 
  known 
  is 
  the 
  so-called 
  self- 
  

   boiled 
  hme-sulphur. 
  

  

  The 
  fruit 
  tree 
  bark 
  beetle 
  or 
  shot-hole 
  borer 
  (Scolytus 
  rugulosus) 
  

   bores 
  holes 
  through 
  the 
  bark, 
  causing 
  the 
  exudation 
  of 
  gum. 
  The 
  

   beetles 
  cannot 
  remain 
  in 
  the 
  galleries 
  nor 
  lay 
  eggs 
  in 
  them, 
  in 
  

   healthy 
  peach 
  trees, 
  because 
  the 
  gum 
  drives 
  them 
  out, 
  and 
  they 
  

   only 
  attack 
  weakly 
  or 
  dead 
  trees 
  and 
  branches, 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  can 
  

   breed. 
  Plum, 
  cherry, 
  apple 
  and 
  pear 
  are 
  also 
  regularly 
  attacked. 
  

   The 
  winter 
  is 
  passed 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  and 
  pupal 
  stages, 
  and 
  about 
  June 
  

   the 
  beetles 
  emerge, 
  eating 
  their 
  way 
  out, 
  leaving 
  shot-like 
  holes 
  in 
  

   the 
  bark. 
  They 
  then 
  eat 
  through 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  other 
  trunks 
  and 
  make 
  

   a 
  tunnel 
  between 
  it 
  and 
  the 
  wood, 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  lay 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  

   eggs 
  ; 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatched 
  from 
  these 
  make 
  galleries 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  

   the 
  main 
  one, 
  pupating 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  them. 
  In 
  August 
  the 
  new 
  brood 
  

   of 
  beetles 
  emerges, 
  no 
  adults 
  however 
  surviving 
  the 
  winter. 
  Usually 
  

   the 
  only 
  control 
  measure 
  necessary 
  is 
  to 
  watch 
  the 
  orchard, 
  cutting 
  

   dow^n 
  all 
  dead 
  and 
  dying 
  trees 
  and 
  branches, 
  and 
  burning 
  these 
  before 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  May. 
  Should 
  the 
  beetles 
  be 
  seen 
  attacking 
  a 
  weak 
  tree 
  

   in 
  the 
  summer, 
  they 
  should 
  be 
  left 
  to 
  lay 
  eggs 
  there, 
  and 
  if 
  this 
  is 
  then 
  

   cut 
  and 
  pruned 
  before 
  the 
  spring, 
  the 
  insects 
  will 
  thus 
  be 
  trapped. 
  

   Painting 
  the 
  larger 
  branches 
  and 
  trunk 
  with 
  a 
  thick 
  whitewash 
  made 
  

   of 
  fresh 
  Hme 
  and 
  water, 
  about 
  J 
  lb. 
  of 
  ordinary 
  salt 
  being 
  added 
  to 
  

   each 
  pail, 
  or 
  heavy 
  spraying 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  branches 
  in 
  spring 
  with 
  

   lime-sulphur, 
  are 
  recommended. 
  

  

  