﻿433 
  

  

  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  (Aspidiotus 
  perniciosus) 
  can 
  be 
  controlled 
  by 
  a 
  

   single 
  thorough 
  apphcation 
  of 
  hme-sulphur, 
  using 
  7 
  or 
  8 
  gallons 
  of 
  

   water 
  to 
  each 
  gallon 
  of 
  the 
  commercial 
  wash. 
  This 
  should 
  be 
  done 
  

   as 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  as 
  possible, 
  but 
  after 
  pruning, 
  as 
  then 
  leaf- 
  curl 
  

   will 
  be 
  controlled 
  also. 
  The 
  peach 
  aphids 
  are 
  of 
  two 
  species, 
  the 
  

   green 
  peach 
  aphis 
  {Myzus 
  persicae) 
  and 
  the 
  black 
  peach 
  aphis 
  (Aphis 
  

   persicae-niger) 
  ; 
  neither 
  does 
  any 
  appreciable 
  damage. 
  The 
  peach 
  

   twig 
  borer 
  (Anarsia 
  lineatella, 
  Z.) 
  does 
  httle 
  injury 
  in 
  Ontario, 
  but 
  

   on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast 
  and 
  in 
  British 
  Columbia 
  it 
  attacks 
  the 
  fruit 
  as 
  

   well 
  as 
  the 
  twigs. 
  The 
  hme-sulphur 
  spray 
  used 
  for 
  leaf-curl 
  usually 
  

   controls 
  it. 
  The 
  tarnished 
  plant 
  bug 
  (Lygus 
  pratensis) 
  chiefly 
  injures 
  

   peach 
  trees 
  in 
  nurseries 
  by 
  puncturing 
  and 
  destroying 
  the 
  buds, 
  thus 
  

   spoihng 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  the 
  trees. 
  Those 
  trees 
  near 
  grass 
  and 
  woods 
  

   seem 
  to 
  be 
  attacked 
  most. 
  

  

  KuMSEY 
  (W. 
  E.). 
  The 
  Periodical 
  Cicada 
  (Cicada 
  septendecim, 
  L.) 
  in 
  

   West 
  Virginia 
  in 
  1914. 
  — 
  W. 
  Virginia 
  Crop 
  Pest 
  Commiss., 
  Morgan- 
  

   toivn, 
  Bull. 
  no. 
  4, 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  1-10, 
  3 
  figs.,1 
  plate. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  says 
  it 
  is 
  now 
  known 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  distinct 
  races 
  of 
  

   cicada, 
  one 
  requiring 
  17 
  years 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  13 
  years 
  to 
  complete 
  their 
  

   development. 
  The 
  former 
  mainly 
  occupies 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  north- 
  

   eastern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  and 
  the 
  latter 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  south- 
  

   western 
  parts, 
  though 
  the 
  two 
  races 
  often 
  overlap. 
  West 
  Virginia 
  has 
  

   no 
  broods 
  of 
  the 
  13-year 
  race 
  and 
  attention 
  is 
  directed 
  to 
  the 
  other 
  

   race 
  especially 
  to 
  Brood 
  V 
  (Marlatt) 
  which 
  will 
  occur 
  this 
  year 
  (1914) 
  

   over 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  State, 
  a 
  Hst 
  of 
  the 
  counties 
  concerned 
  being 
  

   given, 
  also 
  a 
  map. 
  The 
  adult 
  life 
  is 
  from 
  4-6 
  weeks, 
  and 
  the 
  female 
  

   lays 
  between 
  400 
  and 
  600 
  eggs 
  in 
  June, 
  making 
  punctures 
  in 
  the 
  twigs 
  

   for 
  the 
  purpose 
  ; 
  these 
  hatch 
  in 
  from 
  6 
  to 
  7 
  weeks 
  according 
  to 
  weather 
  

   conditions. 
  The 
  newly 
  hatched 
  larva 
  dehberately 
  falls 
  off 
  the 
  twigs 
  

   on 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  and 
  enters 
  the 
  soil 
  through 
  a 
  crack 
  or 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  

   the 
  plant. 
  It 
  remains 
  buried 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  1 
  to 
  6 
  feet, 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  

   juices 
  of 
  roots, 
  and 
  undergoes 
  all 
  its 
  ecdyses 
  except 
  the 
  last 
  under- 
  

   ! 
  ground. 
  Towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  metamorphosis 
  the 
  larvae 
  gradually 
  

   ^work 
  their 
  way 
  upwards, 
  the 
  exits 
  being 
  usually 
  finished 
  by 
  the 
  end 
  

   I 
  of 
  April, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  build 
  up 
  little 
  clay 
  tubes 
  2 
  to 
  4 
  inches 
  high, 
  

   keeping 
  the 
  exits 
  open 
  until 
  they 
  are 
  ready 
  to 
  appear 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  

   I 
  of 
  May, 
  the 
  date 
  again 
  varying 
  with 
  the 
  cUmate. 
  The 
  nymphs 
  crawl 
  

   [up 
  some 
  object 
  above 
  the 
  surface 
  when 
  the 
  imago 
  is 
  ready 
  to 
  emerge. 
  

   The 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  cicadas 
  is 
  not 
  great, 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  young 
  or 
  

   recently 
  transplanted 
  stock, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  punctures 
  made 
  in 
  

   1 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  the 
  twigs 
  or 
  the 
  trunks, 
  which 
  furnish 
  a 
  nidus 
  for 
  the 
  woolly 
  

   [apple 
  aphis. 
  The 
  long 
  subterranean 
  and 
  short 
  aerial 
  hfe 
  makes 
  it 
  

   unlikely 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  many 
  specific 
  parasites 
  or 
  predaceous 
  enemies, 
  

   though 
  several 
  insects 
  attack 
  the 
  eggs, 
  while 
  no 
  doubt 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   of 
  many 
  predaceous 
  ground-beetles 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  larvae 
  in 
  shallow 
  ground. 
  

   'A 
  fossorial 
  wasp 
  uses 
  the 
  adult 
  to 
  provision 
  its 
  cells 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  also 
  

   ; 
  destroyed 
  in 
  favourable 
  weather 
  conditions 
  by 
  fungoid 
  diseases. 
  Pre- 
  

   ventive 
  measures 
  are 
  only 
  practicable 
  where 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  trees 
  which 
  

   I 
  could 
  be 
  covered 
  with 
  mosquito 
  or 
  cheese 
  cloth 
  during 
  the 
  egg-laying 
  

   period 
  ; 
  young 
  orchards 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  pruned 
  in 
  the 
  winter 
  or 
  spring 
  

   'before 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  a 
  cicada-brood, 
  though 
  pruning 
  should 
  

  

  