﻿437 
  

  

  duced 
  by 
  Albert 
  Koebele, 
  feeds 
  on 
  the 
  citrus 
  mealy-bug 
  in 
  Ventura 
  

   county. 
  Lindorus 
  lophanthae, 
  Blaisd. 
  , 
  resembles 
  Seym 
  mis 
  margin 
  icoUis 
  : 
  

   introduced 
  by 
  Albert 
  Koebele 
  and 
  distributed 
  throughout 
  the 
  Southern 
  

   State. 
  

  

  Other 
  enemies 
  include 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Chrysopa 
  calif 
  ornica, 
  Coq., 
  (the 
  

   green 
  lace^\^ng), 
  Sympherohius 
  augustus, 
  Banks., 
  (the 
  brown 
  lacewing), 
  

   which 
  is 
  however 
  itself 
  preyed 
  upon 
  by 
  an 
  internal 
  parasite 
  {Isodromus 
  

   iceryae, 
  How.), 
  smd 
  Bacc/ia 
  lemur, 
  O.S., 
  a 
  Syrphid 
  fly, 
  which 
  feeds 
  exten- 
  

   sively 
  on 
  Pseudococcus 
  yerba-santae, 
  Essig, 
  and 
  with 
  Leucopis 
  hella, 
  

   probably 
  keeps 
  that 
  mealy-bug 
  in 
  check. 
  

  

  The 
  cottony, 
  waxy 
  material 
  secreted 
  by 
  mealy-bugs 
  renders 
  them 
  

   resistant 
  to 
  all 
  insecticides 
  but 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  oil-emulsion 
  type. 
  This 
  

   covering 
  also 
  assists 
  them 
  in 
  resisting 
  fumigation. 
  The 
  spray 
  found 
  

   to 
  be 
  most 
  efficient 
  in 
  killing 
  mealy-bugs, 
  causing 
  the 
  least 
  damage 
  to 
  

   fruit 
  and 
  foliage 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  least 
  expensive, 
  w^as 
  as 
  follows 
  :^Water 
  

   33 
  J 
  imp. 
  galls., 
  whale-oil 
  soap 
  40 
  lb., 
  crude 
  carboHc 
  acid 
  4 
  imp. 
  galls. 
  

   The 
  water 
  is 
  brought 
  to 
  boiling 
  point 
  and 
  the 
  soap, 
  chopped 
  into 
  

   small 
  pieces, 
  is 
  thoroughly 
  dissolved 
  in 
  it, 
  the 
  carbolic 
  acid 
  is 
  then 
  

   added 
  and 
  the 
  whole 
  boiled 
  for 
  15 
  minutes. 
  The 
  resultinor 
  mixture 
  

   should 
  be 
  a 
  thick 
  hght 
  creamy 
  emulsion. 
  For 
  orchard 
  use 
  add 
  1 
  

   gallon 
  of 
  this 
  stock 
  to 
  every 
  20 
  gallons 
  of 
  water, 
  the 
  resultant 
  spray 
  

   being 
  milky-white 
  in 
  colour. 
  The 
  author 
  had 
  considerable 
  difficulty 
  

   in 
  finding 
  the 
  best 
  quality 
  of 
  each 
  ingredient, 
  and 
  finally 
  found 
  the 
  

   most 
  satisfactory 
  W'hale-oil 
  soap 
  to 
  be 
  rather 
  light 
  in 
  colour 
  and 
  easily 
  

   dissolved 
  in 
  hot 
  water, 
  while 
  the 
  best 
  carbolic 
  acid 
  (about 
  25 
  per 
  cent, 
  

   pure) 
  was 
  rather 
  thin 
  and 
  did 
  not 
  greatly 
  colour 
  the 
  stock 
  solution 
  ; 
  

   mth 
  other 
  qualities 
  it 
  was 
  impossible 
  to 
  get 
  a 
  good 
  emulsion. 
  The 
  

   commercial 
  sprays 
  on 
  the 
  market 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  tested 
  by 
  the 
  author, 
  

   their 
  great 
  cost 
  is 
  an 
  objection 
  to 
  using 
  them 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  scale, 
  but 
  

   small 
  infestations 
  can 
  be 
  treated 
  with 
  less 
  trouble 
  in 
  this 
  way. 
  The 
  

   best 
  time 
  to 
  spray 
  mealy-bugs 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  during 
  the 
  autumn, 
  

   winter 
  or 
  spring 
  months, 
  when 
  eggs 
  are 
  being 
  laid 
  and 
  young 
  are 
  

   hatching, 
  the 
  trees 
  being 
  also 
  dormant 
  and 
  better 
  able 
  to 
  withstand 
  

   the 
  effects 
  of 
  the 
  sprayings. 
  The 
  sprayer 
  should 
  be 
  capable 
  of 
  main- 
  

   taining 
  a 
  pressure 
  of 
  from 
  150-200 
  lb., 
  and 
  the 
  liquid 
  applied 
  as 
  a 
  

   coarse 
  driving 
  spray, 
  the 
  best 
  nozzles 
  being 
  the 
  large-holed 
  " 
  Jumbo 
  " 
  

   and 
  " 
  Mistry 
  Jr." 
  A 
  spraying 
  rod 
  equipped 
  with 
  a 
  straight 
  " 
  Y 
  " 
  

   and 
  two 
  angled 
  nozzles 
  or 
  an 
  angled 
  "Y" 
  and 
  two 
  straight 
  nozzles 
  are 
  

   recommended. 
  The 
  amount 
  of 
  liquid 
  used 
  for 
  an 
  average 
  tree 
  (15 
  

   gallons) 
  will 
  cost 
  only 
  about 
  ?>\d. 
  In 
  severe 
  infestations, 
  the 
  author 
  

   made 
  such 
  an 
  application 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  five 
  times 
  — 
  without 
  any 
  apparent 
  

   damage 
  to 
  the 
  trees. 
  With 
  fumigation 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  that 
  a 
  

   repetition 
  of 
  small 
  doses 
  gives 
  as 
  good 
  results 
  with 
  less 
  damage 
  to 
  

   the 
  trees 
  as 
  the 
  extensive 
  doses 
  thought 
  necessary 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  instance. 
  

   For 
  example, 
  the 
  author 
  obtained 
  good 
  results 
  by 
  using 
  f 
  schedule 
  

   No. 
  1 
  (potassium 
  cyanide), 
  making 
  a 
  second 
  charge 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  

   the 
  first 
  hour, 
  the 
  entire 
  exposure 
  two 
  hours. 
  Mr. 
  Weinland 
  reports 
  

   that 
  the 
  best 
  results 
  were 
  obtained 
  by 
  using 
  J 
  schedule 
  No. 
  1 
  (sodium 
  

   cyanide) 
  under 
  the 
  same 
  system. 
  It 
  is 
  considered 
  that, 
  on 
  the 
  whole, 
  

   fumigation 
  is 
  a 
  more 
  satisfactory 
  and 
  efficient 
  method 
  than 
  spraying. 
  

  

  The 
  paper 
  concludes 
  with 
  some 
  remarks 
  on 
  the 
  importance 
  of 
  

   carrying 
  out 
  quarantine 
  regulations 
  and 
  gives 
  notes 
  on 
  methods 
  of 
  

   fumigating 
  nursery 
  stock, 
  etc. 
  

  

  