﻿453 
  

  

  been 
  necessary 
  to 
  gather 
  the 
  harvest 
  before 
  it 
  was 
  ripe, 
  as 
  soap 
  solutions 
  

   cause 
  an 
  appreciable 
  delay 
  in 
  the 
  maturation 
  of 
  the 
  fruit. 
  A 
  third 
  

   generation 
  of 
  moths 
  appeared 
  in 
  October, 
  hatched 
  from 
  late 
  eggs. 
  

   It 
  is 
  worthy 
  of 
  note 
  that 
  localities 
  which 
  suffered 
  from 
  sharp 
  frost 
  in 
  

   the 
  early 
  spring 
  were 
  httle 
  damaged. 
  

  

  FuLMEK 
  (L.). 
  Ein 
  neuer 
  Getreidesehadling. 
  [A 
  new 
  pest 
  of 
  grain.] 
  

   — 
  Wiener 
  landwirtsch. 
  Ztg., 
  Vienna, 
  no. 
  20, 
  25th 
  March 
  1914, 
  5 
  pp., 
  

   Ifig. 
  

  

  An 
  account 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  to 
  stored 
  grain 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   of 
  the 
  moth 
  Trachea 
  (Hadena) 
  basilinea, 
  F. 
  ; 
  this 
  species 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  

   recorded 
  near 
  Vienna 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  since 
  1855, 
  when 
  Kollar 
  referred 
  to 
  it 
  

   under 
  the 
  name 
  Noctua 
  basilinea 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  stored 
  rye. 
  The 
  larvae 
  

   hibernate 
  in 
  the 
  ground, 
  on 
  or 
  near 
  the 
  surface 
  ; 
  they 
  pupate 
  in 
  the 
  

   spring 
  and 
  in 
  June 
  the 
  moths 
  appear. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  on 
  grasses, 
  

   which 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  normal 
  food-plants, 
  but 
  if 
  the 
  insects 
  are 
  more 
  

   than 
  usually 
  abundant, 
  they 
  attack 
  wheat, 
  rye 
  or 
  barley 
  ; 
  they 
  bore 
  

   into 
  the 
  ear 
  and 
  eat 
  out 
  the 
  grain 
  while 
  the 
  corn 
  is 
  still 
  standing, 
  and 
  

   are 
  brought 
  with 
  it 
  into 
  the 
  barns. 
  Whether 
  these 
  larvae 
  hibernate 
  

   in 
  the 
  stored 
  grain 
  without 
  harming 
  it, 
  and 
  whether 
  the 
  adults 
  arising 
  

   from 
  them, 
  which 
  emerge 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  spring, 
  lay 
  their 
  eggs 
  on 
  the 
  

   stored 
  grain, 
  is 
  not 
  kno^Ti. 
  

  

  Similar 
  damage 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  is 
  recorded 
  in 
  France, 
  

   Silesia, 
  Bohemia 
  and 
  Eastern 
  Europe, 
  and 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  widespread 
  

   in 
  Central 
  Europe, 
  but 
  does 
  much 
  less 
  damage 
  there 
  than 
  in 
  Denmark 
  

   and 
  Sweden. 
  Methods 
  of 
  control 
  are 
  not 
  easy 
  ; 
  Reh 
  advocates 
  the 
  

   protection 
  of 
  moles 
  as 
  the 
  best 
  remedy 
  ; 
  Lemcke 
  suggests 
  separating 
  

   out 
  the 
  attacked 
  corn 
  in 
  the 
  field, 
  thrashing 
  it 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  possible 
  and 
  

   collecting 
  the 
  larvae 
  and 
  kilHng 
  them 
  in 
  boiling 
  water. 
  Deep 
  plough- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  bury 
  the 
  pupae 
  is 
  suggested, 
  but 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  tried. 
  

  

  MiLANi 
  (A.). 
  Ueber 
  Bekampfungsversuche 
  des 
  Sauerwurmes 
  mittels 
  

   Schutzhiillen 
  nach 
  D. 
  R. 
  P. 
  250053. 
  [Experiments 
  on 
  combating 
  

   the 
  vine 
  moth 
  with 
  paper 
  bags.] 
  — 
  Zeitsch. 
  Pflanzenkranhheiten, 
  

   Stuttgart, 
  xxiv, 
  no. 
  3, 
  28th 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  139-148. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  two 
  generations 
  of 
  the 
  vine 
  moth 
  {Clysia 
  amhiguella), 
  the 
  

   second, 
  which 
  attacks 
  the 
  fruit 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  ripening, 
  is 
  more 
  difficult 
  to 
  

   combat 
  than 
  the 
  first, 
  which 
  attacks 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  flowers 
  before 
  the 
  

   fruit 
  appears. 
  Sprays 
  have 
  been 
  used 
  against 
  the 
  insects 
  with 
  a 
  

   moderate 
  amount 
  of 
  success, 
  in 
  so 
  far 
  that 
  they 
  destroy 
  them, 
  but 
  

   methods 
  involving 
  their 
  use 
  have 
  been 
  abandoned 
  by 
  the 
  author, 
  on 
  

   account 
  of 
  their 
  harmful 
  effects 
  on 
  the 
  plant 
  and 
  fruit, 
  especially 
  

   when 
  arsenic 
  or 
  nicotin 
  is 
  used. 
  These 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  effective 
  poisons, 
  

   but 
  the 
  continued 
  use 
  of 
  arsenic 
  results 
  in 
  its 
  absorption 
  by 
  the 
  roots 
  

   of 
  the 
  plant 
  and 
  may 
  contaminate 
  the 
  fruit, 
  while 
  nicotin 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  

   afiect 
  the 
  taste 
  of 
  the 
  fruit 
  and 
  the 
  wine 
  made 
  from 
  it. 
  The 
  first 
  

   methods 
  adopted 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  were 
  directed 
  entirely 
  against 
  the 
  

   second 
  generation 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  and 
  were 
  purely 
  mechanical, 
  consisting 
  

   of 
  enclosing 
  the 
  bunches 
  of 
  fruit 
  in 
  paper 
  bags 
  tied 
  round 
  their 
  bases 
  

   so 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  inlet 
  for 
  the 
  moths 
  ; 
  this 
  was 
  done 
  in 
  June, 
  just 
  

   before 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  generation. 
  This 
  method 
  

   was 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  useless, 
  as 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  the 
  fruit 
  already 
  harboured 
  

  

  