﻿454 
  

  

  the 
  pupae 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  generation 
  which 
  gave 
  rise 
  to 
  adults 
  in 
  the 
  

   bags 
  and 
  these 
  attacked 
  the 
  fruit 
  in 
  greater 
  numbers 
  than 
  if 
  they 
  had 
  

   remained 
  uncovered 
  by 
  the 
  bags. 
  Another 
  method 
  which 
  would 
  

   have 
  obviated 
  this 
  difficulty 
  would 
  have 
  been 
  to 
  enclose 
  the 
  shoot 
  in 
  

   bags 
  before 
  the 
  flower 
  was 
  fully 
  formed 
  and 
  before 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  

   the 
  first 
  generation 
  ; 
  but 
  this 
  method 
  was 
  not 
  tried 
  as 
  the 
  flower 
  and 
  

   fruit 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  developed 
  under 
  such 
  conditions. 
  In 
  the 
  next 
  

   series 
  of 
  experiments, 
  the 
  bags 
  were 
  used 
  as 
  before 
  but 
  instead 
  of 
  being 
  

   tied 
  on 
  with 
  no 
  outlet, 
  they 
  were 
  fixied 
  on 
  with 
  bird-lime 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  

   exit 
  was 
  left 
  surrounded 
  by 
  the 
  lime. 
  In 
  the 
  vine 
  moth, 
  the 
  males 
  

   hatch 
  out 
  before 
  the 
  females, 
  which 
  serves 
  to 
  prevent 
  in-breeding, 
  and 
  

   the 
  first 
  impulse 
  of 
  the 
  males 
  is 
  to 
  fly 
  away 
  in 
  search 
  of 
  other 
  females 
  ; 
  

   thus 
  the 
  males 
  hatching 
  in 
  the 
  bags 
  w^ould 
  attempt 
  to 
  escape 
  by 
  the 
  

   outlet 
  ; 
  many 
  would 
  be 
  caught 
  in 
  the 
  bird-lime, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  unlikely 
  

   that 
  the 
  few 
  that 
  succeeded 
  would 
  again 
  escape 
  the 
  bird-lime 
  in 
  trying 
  

   to 
  effect 
  an 
  entrance 
  into 
  another 
  bag. 
  Thus 
  the 
  females 
  would 
  be 
  

   for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  unfertilised 
  and 
  no 
  larvae 
  would 
  develop. 
  This 
  

   idea 
  was 
  carried 
  out 
  in 
  1911, 
  partly 
  at 
  Geisenheim 
  and 
  partly 
  in 
  the 
  

   author's 
  garden 
  at 
  Eltville, 
  near 
  Mainz. 
  At 
  Geisenheim 
  100 
  bags 
  were 
  

   used, 
  being 
  fixed 
  on 
  July 
  5th. 
  and 
  removed 
  on 
  August 
  16th. 
  At 
  

   Eltville 
  60 
  bags 
  were 
  fixed 
  on 
  July 
  4:th 
  and 
  removed 
  on 
  August 
  14th 
  

   and 
  15th. 
  At 
  Geisenheim 
  the 
  results 
  were 
  not 
  conclusive, 
  as 
  neither 
  

   protected 
  nor 
  unprotected 
  vines 
  were 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  moth, 
  but 
  at 
  

   Eltville 
  the 
  unprotected 
  vines 
  suffered 
  severely, 
  while 
  the 
  protected 
  

   fruit 
  showed 
  no 
  signs 
  of 
  being 
  attacked. 
  There 
  w^as 
  no 
  difference 
  

   in 
  the 
  vines 
  as 
  regards 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  Oidium. 
  In 
  the 
  following 
  year 
  

   (1912) 
  the 
  experiments 
  were 
  continued 
  at 
  Eltville 
  and 
  at 
  Eibingen. 
  

   At 
  Eibingen 
  700 
  bunches 
  were 
  protected 
  from 
  July 
  9th 
  to 
  September 
  

   4th, 
  and 
  at 
  Eltville 
  57 
  bunches 
  from 
  July 
  6th 
  to 
  September 
  3rd. 
  It 
  

   w^as 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  non-protected 
  fruit 
  was 
  severely 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  

   vine 
  moth, 
  and 
  to 
  a 
  less 
  degree 
  by 
  Oidium 
  and 
  fungoid 
  diseases 
  ; 
  the 
  

   protected 
  fruit 
  showed 
  no 
  attack 
  by 
  the 
  moth, 
  rather 
  less 
  fungoid 
  

   disease 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  amount 
  of 
  attack 
  by 
  Oidium. 
  The 
  protected 
  

   grapes 
  wxre 
  also 
  better 
  developed 
  than 
  the 
  improtected. 
  In 
  1913, 
  

   experiments 
  were 
  made 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  lines 
  at 
  Kiedrich 
  with 
  similar 
  

   results 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  unprotected 
  fruit 
  Botrytis 
  appeared 
  in 
  September, 
  

   but 
  not 
  on 
  the 
  protected 
  fruit. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  process 
  was 
  not 
  deter- 
  

   mined 
  accurately, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  estimated 
  that 
  1,000 
  bunches 
  of 
  fruit 
  would 
  

   cost 
  9 
  shillings 
  to 
  protect. 
  On 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  high 
  price 
  of 
  wine 
  it 
  is 
  

   worth 
  carrying 
  out 
  on 
  a 
  small 
  scale, 
  while 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  time 
  during 
  

   which 
  the 
  bags 
  may 
  be 
  fiji:ed, 
  is 
  long 
  enough 
  to 
  make 
  the 
  process 
  

   practicable 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  scale. 
  The 
  process 
  has 
  been 
  patented 
  in 
  

   Germany 
  (Germ. 
  Imp. 
  Pat. 
  No. 
  250053.) 
  

  

  VuiLLET 
  (A.). 
  Preparation 
  et 
  Emploi 
  des 
  Bouillies 
  Sulfo-calciques. 
  

  

  [Preparation 
  and 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  Hme-sulphur 
  spray.] 
  — 
  VAgron. 
  Colon^, 
  

   Paris, 
  i, 
  no. 
  9, 
  31st 
  March 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  74-81. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  describes 
  the 
  methods 
  of 
  preparation 
  and 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  

   lime-sulphur 
  spray, 
  the 
  account 
  being 
  based 
  upon 
  the 
  work 
  done 
  in 
  

   connection 
  with 
  it 
  in 
  England, 
  Italy, 
  and 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  As 
  a 
  

   general 
  rule, 
  the 
  best 
  concentration 
  of 
  the 
  spray 
  is 
  that 
  which 
  slightly 
  

   burns 
  the 
  foliage, 
  but 
  the 
  author 
  emphasises 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  no 
  definite 
  

  

  