﻿457 
  

  

  and 
  rubbish. 
  A 
  week 
  later, 
  young 
  nymphs 
  were 
  found 
  where 
  the 
  infec- 
  

   tion 
  had 
  been 
  and 
  by 
  19th 
  August 
  they 
  were 
  quite 
  plentiful, 
  being 
  

   distinguishable 
  from 
  the 
  surs'ivors 
  of 
  the 
  flood 
  by 
  their 
  smaller 
  size 
  

   and 
  more 
  general 
  distribution. 
  This 
  flooding 
  was 
  apparently 
  done 
  too 
  

   soon, 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  eggs, 
  which 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  withstand 
  immersion, 
  

   having 
  been 
  still 
  unhatched. 
  Another 
  bog 
  was 
  flooded 
  in 
  1912 
  after 
  

   the 
  fruit 
  was 
  picked 
  on 
  2nd 
  October, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  determine 
  how 
  late 
  such 
  

   a 
  procedure 
  could 
  be 
  carried 
  out 
  with 
  advantage. 
  The 
  water 
  was 
  

   left 
  on 
  48 
  hours 
  and 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  adults 
  came 
  ashore 
  on 
  drifting 
  

   leaves 
  and 
  rubbish, 
  which 
  was 
  collected 
  and 
  burnt. 
  These 
  bogs 
  

   being 
  found 
  in 
  July 
  1913 
  to 
  be 
  again 
  infested, 
  it 
  w^as 
  decided 
  to 
  re-flood 
  

   them. 
  This 
  was 
  more 
  successful, 
  especially 
  w^hen 
  accompanied 
  by 
  a 
  

   careful 
  preliminary 
  cleaning 
  of 
  the 
  banks 
  and 
  removal 
  of 
  cover 
  for 
  

   the 
  insects, 
  combined 
  with 
  spraying 
  w^th 
  kerosene, 
  the 
  burning 
  

   torch 
  spray 
  being 
  found 
  good 
  on 
  the 
  grasses 
  and 
  weeds, 
  while 
  an 
  

   oil 
  spray 
  proved 
  a 
  most 
  efficient 
  treatment 
  for 
  floating 
  insects. 
  

   Various 
  experiments 
  w^ere 
  also 
  made 
  w^ith 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  insecticides, 
  and 
  

   charts 
  and 
  some 
  particulars 
  of 
  costs 
  are 
  given. 
  

  

  From 
  these 
  experiments, 
  the 
  authors 
  think 
  that 
  submersion 
  of 
  the 
  

   bog 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  preferred, 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  possible, 
  though 
  further 
  experiments 
  with 
  

   contact 
  insecticides 
  are 
  desirable. 
  From 
  the 
  knowledge 
  so 
  far 
  

   obtained 
  of 
  the 
  life-history 
  and 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  insect, 
  it 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  

   flooding 
  should 
  be 
  carried 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  half 
  of 
  August, 
  not 
  before, 
  

   for 
  sections 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  latitude 
  as 
  New^ 
  York 
  City. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  

   remembered 
  that 
  carelessness 
  in 
  flooding 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  would 
  

   undoubtedly 
  spread 
  the 
  migrating 
  winged 
  forms 
  faster 
  than 
  any 
  other 
  

   method 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  doubtful 
  if 
  they 
  are 
  ever 
  spread 
  by 
  transportation 
  of 
  

   the 
  vines, 
  as 
  the 
  eggs 
  rarely 
  if 
  ever 
  remain 
  on 
  them. 
  On 
  dry 
  bogs, 
  

   spraying 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  method 
  and 
  the 
  following 
  suggestions 
  are 
  offered. 
  

   Where 
  the 
  vines 
  are 
  heavy 
  and 
  contain 
  much 
  old 
  wood, 
  mow 
  them 
  

   off 
  at 
  the 
  usual 
  season 
  for 
  cutting, 
  and 
  then 
  between 
  1st 
  and 
  15th 
  

   August 
  spray 
  thoroughly 
  with 
  two 
  applications 
  of 
  a 
  soap 
  solution. 
  

  

  Eustace 
  (H. 
  J.) 
  & 
  Pettit 
  (R. 
  H.). 
  Spray 
  and 
  Practice 
  Outline 
  for 
  

  

  1914. 
  — 
  Michigan 
  Agric. 
  Expt, 
  Sta., 
  East 
  Lansing, 
  Special 
  Bull. 
  

   69, 
  March 
  1914, 
  24 
  pp., 
  7 
  figs. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  bulletin 
  the 
  authors 
  give 
  careful 
  instructions 
  with 
  regard 
  

   to 
  sprayings 
  for 
  various 
  crops. 
  Should 
  scale-insects 
  be 
  present 
  on 
  

   apple 
  trees, 
  spray 
  very 
  thoroughly 
  with 
  a 
  strong 
  lime-sulphur 
  wash 
  

   just 
  before 
  the 
  buds 
  open, 
  covering 
  every 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  tree. 
  Just 
  before 
  

   the 
  blossoms 
  open 
  a 
  spraying 
  must 
  be 
  made 
  against 
  canker-worm 
  

   (Palaeacrita 
  vernata), 
  bud-moth 
  {Tmetocera 
  ocellana), 
  and 
  other 
  insects. 
  

   For 
  this 
  and 
  later 
  sprayings 
  use 
  dilute 
  lime-sulphur 
  or 
  Bordeaux 
  mix- 
  

   ture. 
  To 
  every 
  50 
  gallons 
  add 
  2 
  or 
  3 
  lb. 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  (with 
  lime- 
  

   sulphur 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  poison 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  used). 
  This 
  must 
  be 
  

   repeated 
  immediately 
  after 
  the 
  blossoms 
  fall 
  and 
  before 
  the 
  calyx 
  

   closes, 
  directing 
  the 
  spray 
  downward 
  from 
  above 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  possible, 
  

   in 
  order 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  material 
  may 
  reach 
  the 
  calyx-cups, 
  and 
  poison 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  codling-moth 
  when 
  it 
  attempts 
  to 
  enter. 
  It 
  should 
  

   be 
  again 
  repeated 
  two 
  weeks 
  later. 
  Early 
  in 
  August, 
  there 
  will 
  be 
  a 
  

   second 
  generation 
  of 
  codling-moths 
  and 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  this 
  emergence 
  

   should 
  be 
  determined 
  by 
  collecting 
  and 
  keeping 
  in 
  captivity 
  some 
  of 
  

  

  (C46) 
  D 
  

  

  