﻿461 
  

  

  beetles, 
  of 
  undescribed 
  species. 
  Mangoes 
  from 
  ^Mauritius, 
  India 
  and 
  

   Ceylon 
  were 
  infested 
  with 
  the 
  Tnsingo-\\eevi\(Cri/])farrh>/nchns 
  mangi- 
  

   ferae)\ 
  seeds 
  of 
  mango 
  have 
  also 
  been 
  received 
  containing 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  

   JRhizoglyphiis, 
  which 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  dangerous 
  pest. 
  Pistacia 
  vera, 
  

   from 
  Italy, 
  was 
  slightly 
  infested 
  with 
  Diaspis 
  (jeitundii. 
  Sugar-canes 
  

   received 
  from 
  the 
  Philippine 
  Islands 
  were 
  infested 
  with 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  

   Odonaspis, 
  and 
  they 
  also 
  appeared 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  attacked 
  by 
  Xylehorus 
  

   sp. 
  ; 
  sugar-canes 
  from 
  Hawaii 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  harbour 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  

   desti-uctive 
  leaf-hopper, 
  Perkinsiella 
  saccharicida. 
  Date 
  palms, 
  from 
  

   Eg\^t, 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  attacked 
  by 
  Plioenicococcus 
  marlatti 
  and 
  

   Parlatoria 
  blanchardi. 
  The 
  avocado 
  weevil 
  (HeiUp)i^ 
  Janri) 
  was 
  pre- 
  

   sent 
  in 
  avocado 
  seeds 
  received 
  from 
  Mexico 
  and 
  Costa 
  Rica. 
  Seeds 
  

   of 
  wild 
  cotton 
  from 
  the 
  Northern 
  Transvaal 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  infested 
  

   with 
  a 
  species 
  of 
  Bruchid, 
  as 
  yet 
  unidentified. 
  

  

  d'Herelle 
  (F.). 
  Le 
  Coccobacille 
  des 
  Sauterelles. 
  [The 
  Coccohacillus 
  

   of 
  Grasshoppers.] 
  — 
  Ann. 
  Inst. 
  Pasteur, 
  Paris, 
  xxviii, 
  nos. 
  3 
  and 
  4, 
  

   March 
  and 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  280-328 
  and 
  387-407, 
  4 
  figs., 
  1 
  map. 
  

  

  In 
  1911, 
  the 
  author 
  described 
  a 
  disease 
  in 
  grasshoppers 
  caused 
  by 
  

   bacteria 
  in 
  Mexico, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  request 
  of 
  the 
  Argentine 
  Government 
  

   took 
  up 
  the 
  question 
  again 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  ScJiistocerca 
  americana 
  

   and 
  allied 
  species 
  which 
  infest 
  a 
  large 
  area 
  and 
  do 
  much 
  damage. 
  

   The 
  present 
  paper 
  describes 
  the 
  methods 
  adopted 
  for 
  the 
  propagation 
  

   of 
  the 
  bacteria 
  in 
  the 
  laboratory, 
  the 
  means 
  of 
  dissemination 
  in 
  the 
  

   field, 
  and 
  the 
  results 
  obtained. 
  

  

  The 
  bacterium, 
  a 
  Coccohacillus, 
  was 
  discovered 
  in 
  grasshoppers 
  in 
  

   Yucatan 
  and 
  cultivated 
  in 
  peptonised 
  gelatinous 
  media 
  ; 
  insects 
  

   inoculated 
  artificially 
  and 
  those 
  which 
  took 
  the 
  disease 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  

   from 
  other 
  insects 
  exhibited 
  the 
  same 
  symptoms, 
  death 
  occurring 
  

   Avithin 
  24 
  hours 
  or 
  a 
  little 
  more, 
  and 
  the 
  body 
  exhibiting 
  characteristic 
  

   putrefaction. 
  The 
  virulence 
  of 
  the 
  bacillus 
  is 
  increased 
  by 
  its 
  passage 
  

   through 
  the 
  insect, 
  and 
  the 
  diluted 
  intestinal 
  contents 
  of 
  a 
  diseased 
  

   insect, 
  injected 
  into 
  another, 
  will 
  kill 
  it 
  in 
  an 
  even 
  shorter 
  time. 
  It 
  

   is 
  of 
  great 
  importance 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  bacteria 
  at 
  their 
  maximum 
  

   virulence 
  or 
  the 
  insects 
  may 
  recover. 
  The 
  author 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  

   his 
  experiments 
  caused 
  the 
  bacteria 
  to 
  pass 
  through 
  the 
  bodies 
  of 
  

   twelve 
  grasshoppers 
  in 
  rapid 
  succession, 
  in 
  each 
  case 
  diluting 
  the 
  

   extract 
  of 
  the 
  intestine 
  and 
  using 
  it 
  to 
  inoculate 
  the 
  next 
  insect 
  ; 
  by 
  

   doing 
  this, 
  it 
  was 
  possible 
  to 
  cause 
  death 
  within 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  hours 
  

   after 
  injection 
  ; 
  in 
  different 
  species 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  passages 
  through 
  

   the 
  body 
  of 
  different 
  insects 
  varies 
  before 
  equal 
  degrees 
  of 
  virulence 
  

   are 
  obtained. 
  When 
  this 
  stage 
  is 
  reached 
  the 
  bacillus 
  is 
  cultivated 
  

   in 
  artificial 
  media, 
  and 
  in 
  these 
  the 
  bacteria 
  are 
  disseminated 
  in 
  

   infested 
  areas 
  ; 
  details 
  of 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  the 
  media, 
  and 
  the 
  

   methods 
  of 
  dissemination 
  are 
  given. 
  The 
  cultures 
  are 
  made 
  at 
  the 
  

   temperature 
  of 
  the 
  air, 
  and 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  about 
  10-18 
  hours 
  after 
  the 
  

   introduction 
  of 
  the 
  bacillus. 
  They 
  are 
  sprayed 
  over 
  the 
  infested 
  area, 
  

   1 
  litre 
  of 
  the 
  liquid 
  being 
  sufficient 
  for 
  more 
  than 
  2 
  acres 
  ; 
  the 
  insects 
  

   which 
  eat 
  contaminated 
  leaves 
  contract 
  the 
  disease 
  and 
  die 
  within 
  

   a 
  short 
  period, 
  their 
  putrefying 
  bodies 
  infecting 
  other 
  leaves. 
  In 
  the 
  

   case 
  of 
  Schistocerca, 
  there 
  exists 
  another 
  method 
  of 
  contagion, 
  as 
  the 
  

   insects 
  of 
  this 
  genus 
  devour 
  each 
  other. 
  A 
  swarm 
  of 
  Schistocerca 
  was 
  

   destroyed 
  in 
  eight 
  days 
  from 
  the 
  dissemination 
  of 
  tiie 
  bacteria. 
  

  

  