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  parasites. 
  All 
  the 
  parasites 
  of 
  locusts 
  known 
  to 
  the 
  author 
  in 
  Russia 
  

   are 
  either 
  Coleoptera, 
  which 
  destroy 
  the 
  eggs, 
  or 
  Diptera, 
  which 
  attack 
  

   both 
  eggs 
  and 
  imago. 
  The 
  Coleopterous 
  parasites 
  of 
  locusts 
  include 
  six- 
  

   teen 
  species 
  of 
  Mylahris 
  and 
  three 
  of 
  Epicmita, 
  which 
  are 
  characteristic 
  

   of 
  the 
  fauna 
  of 
  the 
  steppes 
  of 
  south 
  and 
  south-east 
  Russia, 
  their 
  out- 
  

   breaks 
  coinciding 
  with 
  and 
  following 
  upon 
  the 
  years 
  of 
  large 
  outbreaks 
  

   of 
  locusts. 
  The 
  author 
  illustrates 
  this 
  statement 
  by 
  instances 
  taken 
  

   from 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  locust-plagues 
  since 
  1849. 
  Having 
  destroyed 
  a 
  

   succession 
  of 
  generations 
  of 
  locusts, 
  these 
  insects 
  themselves 
  increase 
  

   largely, 
  and 
  do 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  damage 
  to 
  cultivated 
  plants. 
  In 
  order 
  

   to 
  diminish 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  them 
  in 
  such 
  yearsj 
  the 
  

   author 
  suggests 
  the 
  sowing 
  of 
  trap-crops, 
  which 
  will 
  keep 
  them 
  away 
  

   from 
  cultivated 
  fields, 
  etc. 
  

  

  Some 
  information 
  is 
  given 
  regarding 
  the 
  biology 
  of 
  Ejncauta 
  and 
  

   M?//«6ri>, 
  dealing 
  specially 
  with 
  the 
  substance 
  — 
  ^cantharidin 
  — 
  which 
  is 
  

   contained 
  in 
  their 
  bodies, 
  and 
  its 
  blistering 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  skin. 
  This- 
  

   substance 
  is 
  responsible 
  for 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  these 
  insects 
  are 
  not 
  attacked 
  

   by 
  various 
  carnivorous 
  animals. 
  Carahus 
  do 
  not 
  eat 
  specimens 
  of 
  

   Meloe, 
  but 
  the 
  author 
  mentions 
  that, 
  according 
  to 
  Prof. 
  I. 
  K. 
  Tarnani, 
  

   the 
  Clerid 
  beetle, 
  Trichodes 
  apiarius, 
  has 
  been 
  seen 
  to 
  deYOuv 
  Mylabris. 
  

   At 
  the 
  same 
  timie 
  some 
  animals, 
  frogs, 
  hedghogs 
  and 
  some 
  birds, 
  

   have 
  been 
  proved 
  experimentally 
  to 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  withstand 
  the 
  influence 
  

   of 
  cantharidin 
  and 
  will 
  devour 
  these 
  beetles. 
  The 
  author 
  refers 
  also 
  

   to 
  the 
  injuries 
  caused 
  to 
  cattle 
  by 
  eating 
  Mylahris, 
  and 
  mentions 
  Mylahris 
  

   frolloivi, 
  which 
  causes 
  much 
  suffering 
  to 
  camels 
  in 
  Central 
  Asia, 
  where 
  

   the 
  natives- 
  call 
  it 
  " 
  alla-gulirek." 
  He 
  points 
  out 
  the 
  connection' 
  

   existing 
  between 
  the 
  poisonous 
  qualities 
  of 
  these 
  insects 
  and 
  their 
  

   slowness 
  of 
  movement 
  and 
  bright 
  colours, 
  ^vhich 
  appear 
  to 
  serve 
  as 
  a 
  

   warning 
  to 
  piredaceous 
  animals, 
  and 
  refers 
  also 
  to 
  instances 
  of 
  mimicry 
  

   betw^een 
  Mylahris 
  and 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Zygaena. 
  

  

  The 
  oviposition 
  of 
  Mylahris 
  is 
  described, 
  hard 
  soil 
  being 
  selected,- 
  

   the 
  egg-chisters 
  of 
  locusts 
  laid 
  in 
  soft 
  soil 
  being 
  less 
  attacked 
  for 
  this 
  

   reason 
  ; 
  the 
  feniales 
  dig 
  a 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  and 
  lay 
  24 
  to 
  60 
  eggs,' 
  

   from 
  which 
  the 
  larvae 
  emerge 
  in 
  20-22 
  days. 
  The 
  resulting 
  triungulin 
  

   larva 
  and 
  its 
  subsequent 
  development 
  is 
  described 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  

   Various 
  larval 
  stages 
  of 
  £'jo^ca^/?a. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  estimates 
  that 
  each 
  female 
  of 
  Mylahris 
  produces 
  sufficient- 
  

   young 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  hatching 
  of 
  325-520 
  locusts, 
  and 
  of 
  more 
  than 
  

   1,750 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  Epicauta 
  erythrocephala. 
  The 
  following 
  is 
  a 
  list 
  

   oi 
  Mylahris 
  spp., 
  obtained 
  from 
  egg-clusters 
  of 
  locusts, 
  compiled 
  from 
  

   the 
  works 
  of 
  various 
  investigators 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Mylahris 
  floralis, 
  Pall., 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  species 
  in 
  European 
  Russia, 
  

   has 
  been 
  reared 
  from 
  egg-clusters 
  of 
  Arcyptera 
  (Stethophyma) 
  flaviic\>sta, 
  

   Xiphidium 
  fuscum, 
  Podisma 
  (Pezotfetix) 
  pedestris, 
  and 
  Stauronotus 
  

   tnaroccanus. 
  Mylahris 
  i-punctata, 
  L., 
  from 
  egg-clusters 
  of 
  Caloptemis 
  

   italicus, 
  Staurbnotus 
  maroccanus, 
  Locusta 
  migratoria, 
  and 
  Podisma 
  

   {Pezottetix) 
  pedestris. 
  Mylahris 
  li-punctata, 
  Pall., 
  is 
  very 
  common 
  in 
  

   the 
  south-eastern 
  governments, 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  reared 
  from 
  egg-clusters 
  

   of 
  Arcyptera 
  flavicosta, 
  and 
  one 
  specimen 
  from 
  Caloptenus 
  italicus. 
  

   Mylahris 
  variahilis, 
  Pall., 
  has 
  been 
  reared 
  from 
  Arcyptera 
  flavicosta. 
  

   Mylahris 
  sihirica, 
  Fisch., 
  from 
  Stauronotus 
  hrevicollis, 
  Stenobothrus' 
  

   lineatus, 
  and 
  Stauroderns 
  (Sfenohothrns) 
  morio. 
  Mylahris 
  calida, 
  Pall., 
  

   from 
  Caloptenus 
  italicus, 
  Locnsta 
  migratoria, 
  and 
  Stauronotus 
  7naroc- 
  

  

  