﻿485 
  

  

  the 
  petals 
  drop, 
  while, 
  under 
  Eastern 
  conditions, 
  comparative 
  tests 
  

   show 
  little 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  effectiveness 
  of 
  coarse 
  and 
  fine 
  sprays. 
  

   Good 
  results 
  have 
  been 
  yielded 
  by 
  barrel-spra3'ers 
  working 
  at 
  100 
  to 
  

   1201b. 
  pressure. 
  The 
  great 
  necessity 
  of 
  thoroughness 
  when 
  giving 
  

   the 
  treatment 
  immediately 
  the 
  petals 
  drop 
  is 
  emphasised, 
  and 
  the 
  use 
  

   of 
  an 
  elbow 
  on 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  spray 
  rods 
  is 
  advised 
  to 
  enable 
  the 
  poison 
  

   to 
  enter 
  each 
  calyx 
  cup. 
  The 
  second 
  application 
  should 
  be 
  made 
  

   before 
  the 
  calyx 
  lobes 
  are 
  more 
  than 
  | 
  closed, 
  about 
  a 
  fortnight 
  later. 
  

   This 
  spray 
  should 
  also 
  enter 
  the 
  cal3'x 
  cups 
  and 
  coat 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  

   fruit, 
  the 
  third 
  spray, 
  8 
  or 
  9 
  weeks 
  after 
  the 
  first, 
  covering 
  the 
  fruit 
  and 
  

   foliage 
  as 
  uniformly 
  as 
  possible. 
  

  

  Stene 
  (A. 
  E.). 
  The 
  Tent 
  Caterpillar 
  and 
  the 
  Fall 
  Vlehv/OTm.-RJiode 
  

   Island 
  Sta. 
  Bd. 
  Agric. 
  [Circular 
  dated 
  Providence, 
  1914]. 
  8 
  pp. 
  

   3 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  tent 
  caterpillar 
  (Malacosoma 
  americana) 
  is 
  a 
  native 
  insect, 
  

   feeding 
  principally 
  on 
  black 
  cherries, 
  choke 
  cherries 
  and 
  apples, 
  

   and 
  is 
  sometimes 
  found 
  on 
  peach, 
  plum, 
  oak 
  and 
  willow. 
  The 
  eggs 
  

   are 
  deposited 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  develop 
  somewhat, 
  but 
  

   do 
  not 
  actually 
  hatch 
  until 
  spring, 
  when 
  they 
  begin 
  to 
  make 
  their 
  

   conspicuous 
  tents. 
  The 
  nests 
  should 
  be 
  taken 
  by 
  hand 
  or 
  wound 
  on 
  

   a 
  broom 
  and 
  dropped 
  into 
  a 
  pail 
  containing 
  water 
  and 
  kerosene. 
  

   Should 
  the 
  tree 
  be 
  of 
  no 
  value, 
  spray 
  the 
  nests 
  with 
  kerosene, 
  while 
  

   the 
  caterpillars 
  are 
  in 
  them 
  and 
  set 
  fire 
  to 
  the 
  trees. 
  In 
  orchards, 
  

   spray 
  with 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  large 
  enough. 
  

   The 
  caterpillar 
  has 
  both 
  predaceous 
  and 
  parasitic 
  enemies, 
  and 
  suffers 
  

   from 
  the 
  wilt 
  disease, 
  and 
  these 
  usually 
  keep 
  it 
  in 
  check. 
  It 
  is 
  

   predicted 
  that 
  the 
  species 
  will 
  be 
  less 
  abundant 
  this 
  year. 
  The 
  

   autumn 
  web 
  worm 
  {Hyphantria 
  cunea), 
  is 
  sometimes 
  confused 
  with 
  

   the 
  foregoing 
  species, 
  the 
  brown-tail 
  and 
  the 
  gipsy 
  moth. 
  The 
  webs 
  

   of 
  this 
  species 
  are 
  found 
  only 
  on 
  the 
  tips 
  of 
  the 
  branches 
  and 
  appear 
  

   late 
  in 
  summer. 
  They 
  are 
  loosely 
  made 
  and 
  enclose 
  the 
  leaves 
  on 
  

   which 
  the 
  larvae 
  are 
  going 
  to 
  feed. 
  The 
  moths 
  emerge 
  in 
  May 
  and 
  

   June. 
  It 
  is 
  best, 
  if 
  possible, 
  to 
  remove 
  the 
  infested 
  branch 
  and 
  burn 
  

   it, 
  otherwise 
  arsenate 
  of 
  lead 
  sprayed 
  round 
  the 
  nest 
  should 
  eventually 
  

   kill 
  the 
  caterpillars. 
  

  

  Wahl 
  (C. 
  von). 
  Die 
  Borkenkafer 
  an 
  den 
  Obstbaumen 
  und 
  ihre 
  

  

  Bekampfung. 
  [The 
  Bark-Beetles 
  of 
  fruit 
  trees 
  and 
  method 
  of 
  

  

  combating 
  them.] 
  — 
  Haupstelle 
  f. 
  Pflanzemchutz 
  in 
  Baden 
  an 
  der 
  

  

  Groszh. 
  landwirfsch. 
  Versuchsanst., 
  Augusfenberg, 
  Flugblatt 
  no. 
  3, 
  

  

  Jan. 
  1914, 
  4 
  pp. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  not 
  an 
  uncommon 
  thing 
  in 
  certain 
  years 
  to 
  find 
  fruit 
  trees 
  whose 
  

  

  bark 
  is 
  full 
  of 
  bored 
  holes 
  and 
  the 
  crowns 
  or 
  branches 
  of 
  which 
  die 
  off. 
  

  

  The 
  holes 
  are 
  easily 
  noticeable 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  frass 
  entangled 
  in 
  sap 
  

  

  and 
  gum 
  which 
  runs 
  down 
  from 
  them. 
  The 
  author 
  describes 
  Scolgtus 
  

  

  pruni, 
  Ratz., 
  which 
  especially 
  attacks 
  plums, 
  damsons 
  and 
  apples 
  

  

  and 
  also 
  cherries, 
  pears, 
  bird 
  cherry 
  (Prumis 
  avium), 
  white-thorn, 
  ash, 
  

  

  elms 
  and 
  even 
  vines. 
  The 
  female 
  bores 
  through 
  the 
  bark 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  cambium 
  and 
  then 
  makes 
  a 
  vertical 
  gallery 
  2J 
  ins. 
  by 
  5 
  ins. 
  long. 
  

  

  in 
  which 
  60 
  to 
  80 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid. 
  The 
  lai^ae 
  on 
  hatching, 
  bore 
  tunnels 
  

  

  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  the 
  original 
  gallery, 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  which 
  they 
  pupate 
  

  

  