﻿487 
  

  

  have 
  not 
  only 
  improved, 
  but 
  that 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  vmes 
  has 
  been 
  

   strengthened, 
  whilst 
  these 
  same 
  vineyards 
  when 
  the 
  spraying 
  was 
  

   stopped 
  or 
  was 
  intermittent, 
  deteriorated, 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  vines 
  

   dying. 
  He 
  advises 
  vine-growers 
  to 
  continue 
  spraying. 
  

  

  Ghosh 
  (C. 
  C). 
  Life-Histories 
  of 
  Indian 
  Insects. 
  Lepidoptera. 
  — 
  

   Mem. 
  Dept. 
  Agric. 
  India,' 
  Piisa, 
  v, 
  no. 
  1, 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  1-72, 
  

   9 
  pi., 
  1 
  fig. 
  

  

  Accounts 
  of 
  the 
  life-histories 
  and 
  habits 
  are 
  given 
  of 
  eleven 
  species 
  

   of 
  Indian 
  butterflies, 
  seven 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  of 
  economic 
  importance. 
  

  

  Melanitis 
  ismene, 
  the 
  "' 
  Rice 
  Leaf 
  Caterpillar," 
  has 
  a 
  wide 
  distribu- 
  

   tion 
  in 
  India. 
  Rice 
  (Oryza 
  sativa) 
  is 
  its 
  usual 
  food-plant, 
  but 
  it 
  also 
  

   feeds 
  on 
  Juar 
  {Andropogon 
  sorghum). 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  under- 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  singly 
  or 
  a 
  few 
  together 
  ; 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatch 
  in 
  

   three 
  days, 
  the 
  larval 
  period 
  being 
  about 
  23 
  days, 
  and 
  the 
  pupal 
  

   period 
  10 
  days. 
  

  

  Ergolis 
  merione, 
  the 
  " 
  Castor 
  Spring 
  Caterpillar," 
  is 
  a 
  minor 
  pest 
  of 
  

   castor 
  oil 
  plants 
  {Ricinus 
  communis) 
  and 
  is 
  not 
  likely 
  to 
  become 
  a 
  

   serious 
  one, 
  though 
  it 
  has 
  a 
  wide 
  distribution. 
  

  

  Pieris 
  brassicae 
  is 
  distributed 
  in 
  the 
  Himalayas 
  from 
  Chitral 
  to 
  

   Bhutan 
  up 
  to 
  10,000 
  feet. 
  In 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Pusa, 
  the 
  cater- 
  

   pillars 
  cause 
  serious 
  damage 
  to 
  cruciferous 
  plants. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  

   are 
  attacked, 
  but 
  ineffectively 
  controlled, 
  by 
  a 
  Tachinid 
  and 
  also 
  by 
  

   a 
  Hymenopterous 
  parasite. 
  

  

  Papilio 
  demoleus 
  and 
  P. 
  pammpn, 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  known^ 
  

   as 
  " 
  lemon 
  caterpillars," 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  damage 
  they 
  do 
  to 
  Citrus, 
  

   trees, 
  defoliate 
  young 
  trees 
  completely, 
  and 
  devour 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  fully 
  

   grown 
  trees, 
  w^ithout, 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  case, 
  being 
  very 
  injurious. 
  Par- 
  

   ticulars, 
  of 
  their 
  wide 
  distribution 
  and 
  the 
  duration 
  of 
  the 
  larval 
  and 
  

   pupal 
  stages 
  are 
  given. 
  Both 
  species 
  are 
  largely 
  parasitised 
  by" 
  

   three 
  minute 
  Hymenoptera 
  ; 
  of 
  245 
  eggs 
  collected 
  between 
  4th 
  and 
  

   25th 
  April, 
  30 
  per 
  cent, 
  were 
  attacked, 
  and 
  from 
  65 
  caterpillars 
  collected 
  

   at 
  the 
  same 
  time, 
  two 
  Tachinid 
  flies 
  were 
  bred. 
  

  

  Catochrysops 
  cnejus, 
  the 
  " 
  Tur 
  Hairstreak," 
  occurs 
  throughout 
  

   India, 
  except 
  at 
  very 
  high 
  elevations. 
  It 
  is 
  probably 
  on 
  the 
  wing 
  

   throughout 
  the 
  year 
  and 
  the 
  larva 
  feeds 
  on 
  the 
  flower-buds 
  or 
  beans 
  

   of 
  many 
  leguminous 
  plants. 
  The 
  duration 
  of 
  the 
  life-cycle 
  varies 
  

   according 
  to 
  temperature, 
  from 
  19 
  to 
  32 
  days. 
  One 
  species 
  of 
  

   Ichneumon 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  parasitic 
  on 
  the 
  larvae. 
  Extent 
  of 
  

   parasitism 
  not 
  stated. 
  

  

  Parnara 
  {Chapra) 
  mathias, 
  the 
  "Rice 
  Skipper," 
  is 
  a 
  minor 
  pest 
  of 
  

   rice 
  and 
  grasses, 
  and 
  is 
  distributed 
  throughout 
  India 
  ; 
  the 
  life-cycle 
  

   occupies 
  from 
  a 
  little 
  over 
  a 
  month 
  in 
  summer, 
  to 
  3 
  J 
  months 
  in 
  winter. 
  

   It 
  hibernates 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  are 
  parasitised 
  

   by 
  several 
  Hymenoptera 
  and 
  Diptera, 
  and 
  are 
  preyed 
  upon 
  by 
  the 
  

   Pentatomid 
  bug, 
  Andrallus 
  spinidens. 
  

  

  Cutworm 
  Investigations 
  in 
  Southern 
  Alberta. 
  — 
  Agric. 
  Gaz., 
  Canada^ 
  

   Ottawa, 
  i, 
  no. 
  4, 
  Apr. 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  275. 
  

  

  The 
  field 
  investigations 
  made 
  by 
  Gibson 
  and 
  Strickland 
  in 
  1913 
  

   showed 
  that 
  the 
  species 
  causing 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  damage 
  to 
  the 
  growing 
  crops 
  

  

  