﻿509 
  

  

  been 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  economic 
  importance. 
  It 
  is 
  thought 
  that 
  this 
  was 
  

   due 
  to 
  its 
  having 
  been 
  starved 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  more 
  voracious 
  Morocco 
  locust 
  ; 
  

   as 
  in 
  districts 
  where 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  exterminated 
  a 
  few 
  years 
  ago, 
  Calop- 
  

   tenus 
  is 
  now 
  found 
  in 
  far 
  larger 
  numbers 
  than 
  formerly. 
  The 
  following 
  

   locusts 
  are 
  also 
  known 
  as 
  of 
  minor 
  economic 
  importance 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  : 
  

   Oedaleus 
  nigrofasciatus, 
  Deg., 
  Arcyptera 
  flavicosta, 
  Fisch., 
  Arcyptera 
  

   (pallasiella, 
  Kirby) 
  turcomana, 
  Fisch. 
  -Waldh., 
  Acridium 
  aegyptium, 
  L., 
  

   Stauronotus 
  kraussi, 
  S. 
  tartarus, 
  S. 
  anatolicus, 
  and 
  S. 
  brevicollis. 
  Several 
  

   well-known 
  means 
  of 
  destroying 
  the 
  different 
  stages 
  of 
  locusts 
  are 
  given 
  

   [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  ii, 
  pp. 
  37-39]. 
  Scorching 
  the 
  larvae 
  by 
  using 
  

   a 
  special 
  knapsack 
  apparatus 
  (Schkilin's 
  was 
  found 
  the 
  best) 
  and 
  the 
  

   petroleum 
  flare 
  is 
  efficient 
  but 
  expensive, 
  and 
  only 
  advisable 
  on 
  rough 
  

   ground 
  free 
  from 
  grass. 
  A 
  table 
  is 
  given 
  showing 
  the 
  area 
  chemically 
  

   treated 
  at 
  the 
  expense 
  of 
  the 
  State, 
  and 
  in 
  1911, 
  196,000 
  acres 
  were 
  

   treated 
  with 
  286,000 
  lb. 
  of 
  Paris 
  green, 
  404 
  large 
  machines 
  being 
  used. 
  

   Sodium 
  arsenite 
  was 
  used 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  in 
  1911 
  and, 
  the 
  results 
  being 
  

   excellent, 
  it 
  is 
  now 
  the 
  only 
  chemical 
  used 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  scale. 
  The 
  

   strengths 
  recommended 
  for 
  the 
  various 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  are 
  : 
  

   1st 
  and 
  2nd 
  stages, 
  0*25 
  per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  3rd 
  stage, 
  0'37-0'4 
  per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  

   4th 
  stage, 
  0'5 
  per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  adhesiveness 
  is 
  obtained 
  by 
  adding 
  double 
  

   the 
  amount 
  of 
  molasses 
  in 
  each 
  case. 
  Hopper-dozers 
  are 
  recommended 
  

   for 
  small 
  infestations 
  of 
  locusts 
  on 
  level 
  ground 
  free 
  from 
  vegetation. 
  

   The 
  preparation 
  during 
  summer 
  and 
  autumn 
  of 
  forecast 
  maps, 
  showing 
  

   the 
  position, 
  area, 
  and 
  degree 
  of 
  parasitisation 
  of 
  the 
  egg-centres 
  in 
  the 
  

   different 
  districts, 
  is 
  advised. 
  These 
  centres 
  should 
  be 
  examined 
  

   in 
  spring, 
  as 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  that 
  various 
  natural 
  enemies 
  

   have 
  so 
  reduced 
  the 
  egg-clusters 
  that 
  treatment 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  required. 
  

   The 
  chief 
  enemies 
  of 
  the 
  Morocco 
  locust 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  are 
  the 
  

   Bombyliid 
  fLies, 
  Callostoma 
  desertorimi 
  and 
  Cytherea 
  (Mulio) 
  obscura, 
  F., 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  of 
  which 
  together 
  account 
  for 
  about 
  40 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  eggs, 
  

   while 
  those 
  of 
  Mylabris 
  ^-punctata 
  destroy 
  hardly 
  2 
  per 
  cent. 
  Predatory 
  

   enemies 
  of 
  locusts 
  are 
  scarce 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  ; 
  some 
  species 
  of 
  Callistenes 
  

   eat 
  the 
  larvae 
  and 
  Prosodes, 
  Adesmia, 
  Stalagmoptera 
  and 
  certain 
  

   Elaterids 
  (? 
  AtJious), 
  eat 
  the 
  egg-clusters. 
  The 
  fungi 
  which 
  attack 
  

   these 
  eggs 
  are 
  as 
  yet 
  little 
  known, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  evidently 
  spread 
  by 
  

   birds, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  entirely 
  destroy 
  egg-centres. 
  The 
  rose-coloured 
  

   starling 
  (Pastor 
  roseus) 
  and 
  sparrows 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  larvae, 
  while 
  ravens 
  

   and 
  crows 
  chiefly 
  take 
  the 
  eggs, 
  as 
  also 
  do 
  lizards 
  of 
  the 
  genera 
  Eremias 
  

   and 
  Phrynocephalus. 
  Infecting 
  the 
  locusts 
  with 
  Coccobacilhis 
  

   acridiorum, 
  d'Her., 
  is 
  being 
  attempted, 
  and 
  may 
  give 
  good 
  results. 
  

   A 
  table 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  losses 
  in 
  Turkestan 
  caused 
  by 
  this 
  insect, 
  the 
  

   money 
  spent 
  by 
  the 
  Locust 
  Control 
  Administration, 
  and 
  the 
  results 
  

   obtained. 
  

  

  Patch 
  (E. 
  M.). 
  Currant 
  and 
  Gooseberry 
  Aphids 
  in 
  Maine. 
  — 
  Maine 
  

   Agric. 
  Expt. 
  Sta., 
  Orono, 
  Bull. 
  225, 
  Feb. 
  (issued 
  14th 
  April) 
  1914, 
  

   pp. 
  49-68, 
  15 
  figs. 
  

  

  The 
  author 
  deals 
  with 
  several 
  species 
  of 
  plant-lice 
  found 
  upon 
  

   currant 
  and 
  gooseberry 
  in 
  Maine, 
  none 
  of 
  which, 
  however, 
  complete 
  

   their 
  life-cycle 
  on 
  these 
  plants. 
  Some 
  species 
  occur 
  on 
  them 
  in 
  the 
  

   spring 
  in 
  an 
  apterous 
  form, 
  a 
  migrant 
  winged 
  form 
  follows, 
  which 
  

   spends 
  the 
  summer 
  on 
  other 
  vegetation, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  a 
  succeeding 
  

  

  