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  Caesar 
  (L.). 
  The 
  Chief 
  Insect 
  Pests 
  of 
  Currants 
  and 
  Gooseberries. 
  — 
  

  

  Ontario 
  Dept. 
  Agric, 
  Toronto, 
  Bull. 
  222, 
  April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  33-36, 
  

   3 
  figs. 
  

  

  This 
  bulletin 
  deals 
  with 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  currants 
  and 
  gooseberries, 
  

   and 
  their 
  insect 
  pests 
  are 
  briefly 
  mentioned. 
  The 
  currant 
  sawfly 
  

   [Pteronus 
  ribesii) 
  attacks 
  currants 
  and 
  gooseberries 
  and 
  is 
  common 
  

   and 
  destructive. 
  Eggs 
  are 
  deposited 
  in 
  chains 
  on 
  the 
  veins 
  under- 
  

   neath 
  the 
  leaves, 
  and 
  defoliation 
  by 
  the 
  larvae 
  is 
  often 
  complete. 
  The 
  

   second 
  brood 
  appears 
  as 
  the 
  fruits 
  are 
  ripening, 
  and 
  winters 
  in 
  the 
  

   ground 
  in 
  earthen 
  cocoons. 
  This 
  insect 
  may 
  be 
  controlled 
  by 
  spraying 
  

   with 
  2 
  lb. 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  to 
  40 
  gallons 
  of 
  diluted 
  lime-sulphur, 
  or 
  of 
  

   Bordeaux 
  mixture, 
  applied 
  just 
  before 
  flowering 
  and 
  again 
  when 
  the 
  

   fruit 
  is 
  set. 
  Should 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  appear, 
  1 
  oz. 
  of 
  hellebore 
  to 
  a 
  

   gallon 
  of 
  water 
  should 
  be 
  applied 
  at 
  once, 
  as 
  arsenicals 
  must 
  not 
  be 
  used 
  

   on 
  the 
  fruit 
  at 
  this 
  stage. 
  The 
  imported 
  currant-borer 
  (Aegeria 
  

   tifuliformis) 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  most 
  plantations. 
  The 
  moths 
  appear 
  in 
  

   June 
  in 
  Ontario, 
  and 
  eggs 
  are 
  deposited 
  in 
  the 
  axils 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  or 
  

   in 
  cuts 
  in 
  the 
  bark 
  ; 
  the 
  young 
  larvae 
  bore 
  into 
  the 
  pith 
  where 
  they 
  feed 
  

   until 
  full 
  grown 
  the 
  next 
  year. 
  Spraying 
  is 
  no 
  use 
  against 
  this 
  pest. 
  

   A 
  system 
  of 
  pruning 
  should 
  be 
  carried 
  out 
  by 
  which 
  wood 
  is 
  cut 
  out 
  

   after 
  bearing 
  one 
  or 
  at 
  most 
  two 
  crops, 
  young 
  wood 
  being 
  allowed 
  to 
  

   take 
  its 
  place. 
  All 
  prunings 
  must 
  be 
  burnt 
  before 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May. 
  

   Against 
  the 
  currant 
  aphis, 
  (Myzus 
  rihis), 
  " 
  Black 
  Leaf 
  40 
  " 
  with 
  lime- 
  

   sulphur 
  should 
  be 
  used 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  winter 
  eggs 
  have 
  hatched, 
  but 
  

   before 
  the 
  buds 
  open, 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  similar 
  spray 
  from 
  below 
  just 
  

   before 
  flowering. 
  Kerosene 
  emulsion 
  or 
  whale-oil 
  soap, 
  1 
  lb. 
  in 
  6 
  

   gallons 
  of 
  water 
  is 
  an 
  alternative, 
  but 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  combined 
  with 
  

   lime-sulphur. 
  Red 
  spiders 
  {Tetranychus 
  himacidatus) 
  spin 
  a 
  fine 
  web 
  

   on 
  the 
  under 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  beneath 
  which 
  they 
  feed 
  and 
  

   deposit 
  their 
  eggs. 
  Lime-sulphur 
  used 
  as 
  for 
  the 
  other 
  pests 
  vfiW 
  

   control 
  them. 
  For 
  San 
  Jose 
  and 
  oyster-shell 
  scales, 
  which 
  attack 
  

   currant 
  bushes 
  and 
  sometimes 
  gooseberries, 
  lime-sulphur 
  should 
  

   be 
  used, 
  having 
  a 
  specific 
  gravity 
  of 
  1*032 
  to 
  1'035, 
  or 
  commercial 
  hme- 
  

   feulphur 
  1 
  gallon 
  in 
  8 
  of 
  w^ater. 
  

  

  Rutherford 
  (A.). 
  Termites. 
  — 
  Trojp. 
  Agric, 
  Peradeniya, 
  xlii, 
  no. 
  4. 
  

   April 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  305-307. 
  

  

  A 
  termite, 
  probably 
  Calotermes 
  militaris, 
  Desn., 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  

   attacking 
  tea 
  plants 
  in 
  Ceylon 
  ; 
  in 
  one 
  case 
  the 
  red-borer 
  had 
  been 
  

   present, 
  and 
  the 
  termites 
  appeared 
  to 
  have 
  worked 
  from 
  their 
  tunnels 
  

   through 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  plant. 
  Carbon 
  bisulphide 
  is 
  a 
  good 
  remedy, 
  

   failing 
  a 
  Universal 
  Ant 
  Exterminator. 
  During 
  some 
  demonstrations 
  

   on 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  dynamite 
  for 
  subsoiling, 
  an 
  experiment 
  was 
  made 
  as 
  to 
  

   the 
  use 
  of 
  this 
  explosive 
  to 
  destroy 
  termite 
  nests 
  ; 
  the 
  results 
  were 
  

   negative, 
  as 
  within 
  nine 
  days 
  the 
  insects 
  were 
  rebuilding 
  their 
  nests, 
  

   or 
  were 
  building 
  fresh 
  ones 
  at 
  a 
  few 
  yards 
  distance. 
  A 
  demonstration 
  

   was 
  also 
  given 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Bandara-Beddewela 
  with 
  his 
  termite 
  mixture 
  

   [see 
  this 
  Review, 
  Ser. 
  A, 
  i, 
  p. 
  74] 
  ; 
  nine 
  days 
  later 
  the 
  ants 
  had 
  begun 
  

   building 
  again, 
  but 
  by 
  the 
  24th 
  day 
  from 
  treatment, 
  all 
  the 
  nests 
  

   were 
  deserted, 
  including, 
  however, 
  the 
  control 
  nest. 
  Further 
  tests, 
  

   carried 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  author, 
  failed 
  to 
  demonstrate 
  that 
  the 
  mixture 
  

   was 
  distasteful 
  or 
  poisonous 
  to 
  the 
  termites. 
  Wood 
  impregnated 
  

  

  